test 1.3 Flashcards
results from sudden mechanical, thermal or chemical stimulus and subsequent inflammatory process
(Is this Acute, Persistent, or Chronic pain)
Acute
lasting pain, often unrelated to inflammation, multiple sources, treatable (Is this Acute, Persistent, or Chronic pain)
Persistent
pain that by IASP definition does not respond to conventional therapies or non-narcotic medications
(Is this Acute, Persistent, or Chronic pain)
Chronic
what is somatic dysfunction
muscle insufficiency, hypomobility or hypermobility at one segment is resulting in overload and pain elsewhere
what is complex regional pain syndrome
Hallmark sign is pain well out of proportion to the circumstances
Additional symptoms include withdrawal of the injured limb, unwillingness to move, hyperhydrosis and cold, often bluish or whitish skin
Trophic changes including osteopenia developing over time if the condition progresses
what is myofascial pain syndrome
MFPS may have multiple causes including repeated microtrauma, macrotrauma, psychological stress, muscle and postural imbalances and illness
Characterized by bilateral pattern of taut, tender bands or trigger points
how do you treat myofascial pain syndrome
TENS alone or in combination with superficial heat or cold appears to be effective in desensitization of tender points (trigger points)
true or false
Chronic pain responds well to conventional remedies
false
what is the inflammatory soup
chemical mediators plus low pH sensitize free nerve endings (lower threshold to depolarization)
what occurs during peripheral alterations in the nociceptive system
- Inflammatory soup
- Activation of silent nociceptors
- Phenotype change
what is Phenotype change
myelinated fibers assume neurochemical properties of unmyelinated fibers
what occurs during dorsal horn alterations
NMDA (N-methyl – D aspartate) receptor activation (sensitization)
Nitrous oxide – increase in release when calcium channels are disrupted (a function of NMDA receptor activation) – stimulates primary afferents (nociceptive pathways)
Glutamate receptor activation (sensitization)
what occurs during descending influences
Multiple pathways descending from brain centers are known to inhibit or facilitate pain perception
Alterations in descending modulating pathways may elicit changes in serotonin and enkephalin release
Play a role in chronic pain
Link conditions such as depression with pain sensitivity
what is proprioceptive input
(afferent neural pathway) provides joint position sense and kinesthesia
what is neuromuscular conrol
Transforming neural information into physical energy(efferent motor response)
what is of pivotal importance in physical rehabilitation post musculoskeletal injury and most complex component of treatment paradigm
restoration
true or false
Pain, effusion/edema also yield mechanoreceptor insufficiency, which impairs neuromotor control via arthrogenic inhibition
true
true or false
Muscular atrophy is a slower process following prolonged period of inactivity
true
true or false
is it found that Initiating strength training prior to reestablishing range of motion (ROM) and volition muscle contractions is a good thing
false
true or false
reflex responses are protective in nature
true
true or false
Is this statement correct : Sensory (efferent) output travels to dorsal horn of spinal cord and brain triggering involuntary motor (afferent) input
false the correct statement is Sensory (afferent) input travels to dorsal horn of spinal cord and brain triggering involuntary motor (efferent) output
true or false
Pathologic mechanoreceptors impair reflex responses
true
