Test 3 Part 4 Flashcards
What is the term for when some, but not all, of the products of conception have been passed?
Incomplete Abortion (retained parts may be part of the fetus, placenta, or membranes)
What is the term for a pregnancy in which there is a fetal demise (usually fort a number of weeks) but no uterine activity to expel the products of conception?
Missed Abortion
What is the term for a spontaneous abortion that is complicated by intrauterine infection?
Septic Abortion
What is the term for 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses?
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
T/F: Half of pregnancies complicated by bleeding before 20 weeks will end in spontaneous abortion.
True
What percentage of spontaneous abortions are due to chromosomal abnormality?
49%
T/F: Alcohol use, IUD use, caffeine use, cocaine use, anesthetic gas use, and conception within 3-6 months after delivery are all risk factors for spontaneous abortion.
True
How much of decrease in risk of spontaneous abortion occurs when a fetal heartbeat is identified on Ultrasound?
risk decreases from 50% to 3%
What does the “anniversary phenomenon” pertain to?
spontaneous abortion; patients should be warned about this during counseling
What condition occurs when the placenta implants over or near the internal os of the cervix which leads to vaginal bleeding in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?
Placenta Previa (5/1000 deliveries)
What are the 4 grades of Placenta Previa?
Total, partial, marginal, and low-lying
At what weeks does vaginal bleeding typically occur when it is due to Placenta Previa?
27-32
How is Placenta Previa diagnosed?
Ultrasound
What is the term for separation of the normally located placenta after the 20th week of gestation? How common is this?
Abruptio Placentae;
1% of pregnancies
Classes of Abruptio Placentae range from Class 0 to Class 3. Which is the most severe?
Class 3 (Class 0 is asymptomatic)
What is the most common class of Abruptio Placentae?
Class 1 mild (48%)
What is the most common cause of Abruptio Placentae?
Maternal HTN
What are the most common presentation of patients with Abruptio Placentae?
vaginal bleeding (80%), Abdominal/back/uterine pain (70%), Fetal distress (60%)
T/F: Ultrasound is the preferred way to diagnose Abruptio Placentae.
False; difficult to diagnose with US but Us can be used to rule out other causes of bleeding such as placenta previa
How is Abruptio Placentae diagnosed?
Severe uterine PAIN and tenderness with mild vaginal BLEEDING in a patient with HTN indicates placental abruption
What is the term for an abnormally high level of amniotic fluid?
Polyhydramnios
What is the term for an abnormally low level of amniotic fluid?
Olgohydramnios
What term is defined as a “pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder of unknown etiology” that occurs with a new onset of elevated blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation and is the 3rd leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths?
Preeclampsia
What % of pregnancies are affected by Preeclampsia?
5-7%
What are the 2 most common therapies for medical management of Preeclampsia?
Antihypertensive drug therapy and Magnesium sulfate (during labor to prevent seizures)
T/F: The preferred delivery method with Preeclampsia is C-section.
False; vaginal is preferred
4-14% of women with Preeclamsia have HELLP syndrome. What does HELLP stand for?
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count
What is the severe comlication of preeclampsia?
Eclampsia
What % of births in the US are Preterm?
8-10%
What is the definition of preterm labor?
before 37 weeks gestation
What is the greatest risk factor for preterm labor?
previous preterm delivery
What is the purpose of Tocolytic therapy?
to slow down or halth the contraction of the uterus (delay delivery)
What is the purpose of corticosteroid therapy when managing preterm labor?
enhances pulmonary maturity
