Test 3 Part 4

Question 1

What is the term for when some, but not all, of the products of conception have been passed?

Answer 1

Incomplete Abortion (retained parts may be part of the fetus, placenta, or membranes)

Question 2

What is the term for a pregnancy in which there is a fetal demise (usually fort a number of weeks) but no uterine activity to expel the products of conception?

Answer 2

Missed Abortion

Question 3

What is the term for a spontaneous abortion that is complicated by intrauterine infection?

Answer 3

Septic Abortion

Question 4

What is the term for 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses?

Answer 4

Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Question 5

T/F: Half of pregnancies complicated by bleeding before 20 weeks will end in spontaneous abortion.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What percentage of spontaneous abortions are due to chromosomal abnormality?

Answer 6

49%

Question 7

T/F: Alcohol use, IUD use, caffeine use, cocaine use, anesthetic gas use, and conception within 3-6 months after delivery are all risk factors for spontaneous abortion.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How much of decrease in risk of spontaneous abortion occurs when a fetal heartbeat is identified on Ultrasound?

Answer 8

risk decreases from 50% to 3%

Question 9

What does the “anniversary phenomenon” pertain to?

Answer 9

spontaneous abortion; patients should be warned about this during counseling

Question 10

What condition occurs when the placenta implants over or near the internal os of the cervix which leads to vaginal bleeding in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?

Answer 10

Placenta Previa (5/1000 deliveries)

Question 11

What are the 4 grades of Placenta Previa?

Answer 11

Total, partial, marginal, and low-lying

Question 12

At what weeks does vaginal bleeding typically occur when it is due to Placenta Previa?

Answer 12

27-32

Question 13

How is Placenta Previa diagnosed?

Answer 13

Ultrasound

Question 14

What is the term for separation of the normally located placenta after the 20th week of gestation? How common is this?

Answer 14

Abruptio Placentae;

1% of pregnancies

Question 15

Classes of Abruptio Placentae range from Class 0 to Class 3. Which is the most severe?

Answer 15

Class 3 (Class 0 is asymptomatic)

Question 16

What is the most common class of Abruptio Placentae?

Answer 16

Class 1 mild (48%)

Question 17

What is the most common cause of Abruptio Placentae?

Answer 17

Maternal HTN

Question 18

What are the most common presentation of patients with Abruptio Placentae?

Answer 18

vaginal bleeding (80%),
Abdominal/back/uterine pain (70%),
Fetal distress (60%)

Question 19

T/F: Ultrasound is the preferred way to diagnose Abruptio Placentae.

Answer 19

False; difficult to diagnose with US but Us can be used to rule out other causes of bleeding such as placenta previa

Question 20

How is Abruptio Placentae diagnosed?

Answer 20

Severe uterine PAIN and tenderness with mild vaginal BLEEDING in a patient with HTN indicates placental abruption

Question 21

What is the term for an abnormally high level of amniotic fluid?

Answer 21

Polyhydramnios

Question 22

What is the term for an abnormally low level of amniotic fluid?

Answer 22

Olgohydramnios

Question 23

What term is defined as a “pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder of unknown etiology” that occurs with a new onset of elevated blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation and is the 3rd leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths?

Answer 23

Preeclampsia

Question 24

What % of pregnancies are affected by Preeclampsia?

Answer 24

5-7%

Question 25

What are the 2 most common therapies for medical management of Preeclampsia?

Answer 25

Antihypertensive drug therapy and Magnesium sulfate (during labor to prevent seizures)

Question 26

T/F: The preferred delivery method with Preeclampsia is C-section.

Answer 26

False; vaginal is preferred

Question 27

4-14% of women with Preeclamsia have HELLP syndrome. What does HELLP stand for?

Answer 27

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelet count

Question 28

What is the severe comlication of preeclampsia?

Answer 28

Eclampsia

Question 29

What % of births in the US are Preterm?

Answer 29

8-10%

Question 30

What is the definition of preterm labor?

Answer 30

before 37 weeks gestation

Question 31

What is the greatest risk factor for preterm labor?

Answer 31

previous preterm delivery

Question 32

What is the purpose of Tocolytic therapy?

Answer 32

to slow down or halth the contraction of the uterus (delay delivery)

Question 33

What is the purpose of corticosteroid therapy when managing preterm labor?

Answer 33

enhances pulmonary maturity