Test 1 Part 2 Flashcards
T/F: Testicular tumors are most often hard. enlarged, and painless.
True
What are the stages called that are used to rate sexual maturation?
Tanner stages
T/F: Older adults may have graying and more abundant pubic hair.
False; graying and less abundant
When should a DRE be performed in healthy males?
over the age of 50 (over 40 for high risk)
T/F: Changes in urination, defecation, and sexual function are all clues that a DRE should be performed.
True
T/F: As the rectum fills with feces, reflexive stimulation tightens the internal sphincter.
False; relaxes it
What sphincter is under voluntary control and prevents/delays defecation?
striated external sphincter
T/F: Somatic sensory nerves are found in the upper half of the anal canal.
False; lower half
autonomic control in upper half
T/F: the median lobe of the prostate is not palpable on examination.
True
When is the first stool passed? what is it called?
within the first 24-48 hours;
meconium
It is common for newborns to have a stool after each feeding. What is this reflex called?
gastrocolic reflex
Why are both the internal and external anal sphincters of a newborn under involuntary control?
myelination of the cord is incomplete
When are children developmentally ready to begin toilet training typically?
around 18 months
greenish-black, viscous, sterile stool containing occult blood
newborn meconium
T/F: Stools of formula fed babies are more irritating to the skin than that of breast fed babies.
True
How can you tell if a pediatric patient has a congenital hip dislocation?
asymmetric creases
T/F: shrunken buttocks of a pediatric patient is a sign of a chronic debilitating disease.
True
When is an “anal wink” observed?
lightly touch the anal opening during a pediatric exam which should produce a contraction (absence may indicate a lower cord lesion)
T/F: transient rectal prolapse may occur during a rectal exam of a pediatric patient.
True
Constipation but empty rectum?
Hirschsprung disease
T/F: Sphincter tone is usually stronger in older adult males.
False; sphincter tone may be decreased
Prolonged painful erection,
constant or intermittent,
associated with alcohol and medication
prostate infection
Lifestyle factors that may increase temperature of the scrotum, history of undescended testes, and varicocele are all associated with what?
infertility
Peyronie disease
contracture of penis
Abnormal testicle development
Klinefelter syndrome
cryptochordism, Klinefelter’s, 20-54 years old, and being white are all associated with?
testicular cancer
What age range of men is most at risk of colorectal cancer?
over 50
Ashkenazi Jewish decent
colorectal cancer risk factor
T/F: Black men are twice as likely to contract prostate cancer as white men.
True
What is the term for involuntary “fecal soiling” in children who have already been potty trained?
encopresis
T/F: According to the American Cancer Society, PSA screening, inconjunction with a DRE, should be offered to men over 40 who wish to be screened.
False; this is the recommendation of the American Urological Association
At what age does the American Cancer Society suggest men of average risk should be given info about prostate cancer, PSA, DRE, etc?
age 50
What organisation recommends against PSA-based prostate cancer screening?
U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF)
