Test 2 Part 1 Flashcards
What is the term for the external female genitalia?
Vulva
What is the name for the adipose tissue that covers the symphysis pubis?
mons pubis
The labia minora fuse to form what structure?
the fourchette
What are Skene glands for?
draining urethral glands
Pelvic organs can be palpated through pockets around the cervix. What are these pockets called?
fornices
What is shed during menstruation?
the endometrium (lining of uterus)
What composes the adnexa?
fallopian tubes and ovaries
T/F: The female infant has more epithelial layers in the vagina than an adult.
False; fewer
What is the term for the first menstrual cycle? At what age does it typically occur?
menarche;
between 11 and 14
During pregnancy the uterus enlarges as a result of what 2 hormones?
estrogen and progesterone
T/F: During pregnancy, the cervix becomes bright red and vaginal secretions increase.
False; turns bluish
When does menopause typically occur?
between 40 and 55 years of age
What is the conventional definition of menopause?
1 year with no menses
T/F: Essentially, all of the female reproductive organs go through some extent of atrophy after menopause.
True
Lack of regular pap smears, HPV infection, oral contraceptives, smoking, HIV, and exposure to DES are all risk factors for what cancer?
Cervical cancer
T/F: Cervical cancer has a higher incidence in Caucasian women.
false; higher in blacks, Hispanics, and native americans
When do most cases of ovarian cancer develop?
after menopause (50% after age 63)
Early menarche, infertility/nulliparity, and manopause after 50 y/o are all risk factors for what?
ovarian cancer; basically, the more menstrual cycles a woman has, the more likely she is to get ovarian cancer
T/F: Ovarian cancer is more common in caucasians than blacks.
True
Estrogen replacement therapy, diabetes, infertility/nulliparity, obesity, and Tamoxifen are all risk factors for what?
Endometrial Cancer
How often are pelvic exams recommended for women?
annually
What are the 4 parts of the Female Pelvic Exam?
External exam,
Internal exam (speculum exam,
Bimanual exam,
Recto-Vaginal exam (includes DRE)
T/F: The internal/speculum exam is performed without lubricant jelly.
True
At what angle is the speculum inserted?
45 degrees posteriorly
Columnar mucosal cells usually found in the endocervical canal have extended out into the surface of the cervix, creating a circular erythematous appearance. What does this describe?
Everted cervix, a normal variant
What does the Pap Smear evaluate the condition of?
the cervical cells
T/F: It is estimated that the Pap Smear has decreased the death rate due to cervical CA by 75%.
True
What is the transitional zone which is assessed during the Pap Smear?>
where the ectocervix meets the endocervix
What are the 3 most common STI’s among women? Where is the highest incidence of STI’s in Iowa?
HPV, Herpes, and Chlamydia;
Quad cities
Where are samples collected from during the Pap Smear?
ectocervix and endocervix
What kind of swab is inserted into the os and rotated for 30 seconds in order to test for chlamydia and gonorrhea?
DNA probe or Dacron swab
What condition is assessed/diagnosed by performing the “whiff test?”
bacterial vaginosis (has a fishy odor)
What is the term for a general description of anything that causes symptomatic discharge and can be due to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoans? The patient may talk about vaginal itching, burning, or a change in color/texture or odor of discharge.
Vulvovaginitis
