Test 3 Part 3

Question 1

During Luteal Phase Support how long is progesterone supplementation given? How is it given?

Answer 1

until approximately 7 weeks gestation; intramuscular injection or vaginal suppository/gel

Question 2

What are some common complications of IVF?

Answer 2

multiple gestations, ectopic and heterotropic pregnancies, preterm birth and low-birth weight infants, and congenital abnormalities

Question 3

T/F: Pregnancies from using ART have 1/2 the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Answer 3

False; twice the risk

Question 4

What is the term for when an intrauterine pregnancy and an ectopic pregnancy at the same time?

Answer 4

heterotropic pregnancy

Question 5

T/F: There is clear evidence that congenital abnormalities are significantly higher in patient who use ART.

Answer 5

False; there is controversial evidence that abnormalities may be slightly higher with ART

Question 6

What is the term for the condition involving ovarian enlargement, ascites, and hemoconcentration. This condition comes with an increased risk of blood clots and is worse in patients who get pregnant with this condition.

Answer 6

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Question 7

What are some risk factors for Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?

Answer 7

PCOS, multiple follicles, and high estradiol levels

Question 8

T/F: Infertility treatment costs about $66, 667 per delivery and is covered by health insurance in most states.

Answer 8

False; does cost ~66k but only a few states allow health insurance companies to cover it

Question 9

What are some other techniques related to IVF?

Answer 9

Ovum donation, Gestational surrogacy, Preimplantiation Genetic Diagnosis, Cryopreservation

Question 10

Which technique ends with a child who received genetics of the father and a “donor?”

Answer 10

Ovum Donation

Question 11

Which technique involves a fetus being carried by a “mother” who contributes no genetic material?

Answer 11

Gestational Surrogacy

Question 12

What technique is used to identify genetically inheritable diseases?

Answer 12

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Question 13

What technique involves freezing embryos for later use?

Answer 13

Cryopreservation

Question 14

What is the survival rate of frozen embryos?

Answer 14

50-90%

Question 15

T/F: In 2003, the live birth rate per transfer of frozen embryos was at 27%, and cryopreservation of oocytes still remains investigational.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the most common S/S of complete hydatidiform mole?

Answer 16

vaginal bleeding (97%)

Question 17

What is hyperemesis with complete hydatidiform mole due to?

Answer 17

elevated HCG

Question 18

What are the two most common S/S of Incomplete Hydatidiform Mole?

Answer 18

Vaginal bleeding and absence of fetal heart tones

Question 19

How is Hydatidiform Mole diagnosed?

Answer 19

Ultrasound (absence of fetal parts, vesicular or “snowstorm” patterns) and elevated HCG levels compared to a normal pregnancy

Question 20

How is a Hydatidiform Mole treated?

Answer 20

Evacuation and curettage or hysterectomy

Question 21

T/F: A Hydatidiform Mole is a potential precursor to malignancy.

Answer 21

True; 20% develop a malignancy (4% from complete Hydatidiform )

Question 22

Following treatment for Hydatidiform Mole, how is the patient screened for possible gestational trophoblastic disease or choriocarcinoma?

Answer 22

bHCG tested monthly for 6-12 months

Question 23

Where do most ectopic pregnancies implant?

Answer 23

tubes (ampulla, isthmust, or frimbria)

Question 24

Previous tubal surgery, DES exposure, IUD use, and smoking are all risk factors for what kind of pregnancy?

Answer 24

Ectopic

Question 25

During your exam, you find your 28 year old female patient has a slightly enlarged uterus, vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain with manipulation of the cervix, and a palpable adnexal mass (fallopian tube). What do you suspect?

Answer 25

Ectopic Pregnancy

Question 26

Hypotension, abdominal guarding and rebound tenderness can be seen in what stage of an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 26

rupture

Question 27

What is the test of choice for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 27

Ultrasound

Question 28

What folic acid antagonist is used to treat an ectopic pregnancy and works by disrupting the rapidly dividing trophoblastic cells?

Answer 28

Methotrexate

Question 29

What percentage of women who have had an ectopic pregnancy experience difficulty conceiving later on?

Answer 29

30%

Question 30

What is the term for a pregnancy that is lost at less than 20 weeks gestation?

Answer 30

Spontaneous Abortion

Question 31

What is the term for a pregnancy complicated by bleeding before 20 weeks gestation?

Answer 31

Threatened Abortion

Question 32

What is the term for when the cervix has dilated, but the products of conception have not been expelled?

Answer 32

Inevitable Abortion

Question 33

What is the term for when all products of conception have been passed without need for surgical or medical intervention?

Answer 33

Complete Abortion