Test 3 Part 3 Flashcards
During Luteal Phase Support how long is progesterone supplementation given? How is it given?
until approximately 7 weeks gestation; intramuscular injection or vaginal suppository/gel
What are some common complications of IVF?
multiple gestations, ectopic and heterotropic pregnancies, preterm birth and low-birth weight infants, and congenital abnormalities
T/F: Pregnancies from using ART have 1/2 the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
False; twice the risk
What is the term for when an intrauterine pregnancy and an ectopic pregnancy at the same time?
heterotropic pregnancy
T/F: There is clear evidence that congenital abnormalities are significantly higher in patient who use ART.
False; there is controversial evidence that abnormalities may be slightly higher with ART
What is the term for the condition involving ovarian enlargement, ascites, and hemoconcentration. This condition comes with an increased risk of blood clots and is worse in patients who get pregnant with this condition.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
What are some risk factors for Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?
PCOS, multiple follicles, and high estradiol levels
T/F: Infertility treatment costs about $66, 667 per delivery and is covered by health insurance in most states.
False; does cost ~66k but only a few states allow health insurance companies to cover it
What are some other techniques related to IVF?
Ovum donation, Gestational surrogacy, Preimplantiation Genetic Diagnosis, Cryopreservation
Which technique ends with a child who received genetics of the father and a “donor?”
Ovum Donation
Which technique involves a fetus being carried by a “mother” who contributes no genetic material?
Gestational Surrogacy
What technique is used to identify genetically inheritable diseases?
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
What technique involves freezing embryos for later use?
Cryopreservation
What is the survival rate of frozen embryos?
50-90%
T/F: In 2003, the live birth rate per transfer of frozen embryos was at 27%, and cryopreservation of oocytes still remains investigational.
True
What is the most common S/S of complete hydatidiform mole?
vaginal bleeding (97%)
What is hyperemesis with complete hydatidiform mole due to?
elevated HCG
What are the two most common S/S of Incomplete Hydatidiform Mole?
Vaginal bleeding and absence of fetal heart tones
How is Hydatidiform Mole diagnosed?
Ultrasound (absence of fetal parts, vesicular or “snowstorm” patterns) and elevated HCG levels compared to a normal pregnancy
How is a Hydatidiform Mole treated?
Evacuation and curettage or hysterectomy
T/F: A Hydatidiform Mole is a potential precursor to malignancy.
True; 20% develop a malignancy (4% from complete Hydatidiform )
Following treatment for Hydatidiform Mole, how is the patient screened for possible gestational trophoblastic disease or choriocarcinoma?
bHCG tested monthly for 6-12 months
Where do most ectopic pregnancies implant?
tubes (ampulla, isthmust, or frimbria)
Previous tubal surgery, DES exposure, IUD use, and smoking are all risk factors for what kind of pregnancy?
Ectopic
During your exam, you find your 28 year old female patient has a slightly enlarged uterus, vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain with manipulation of the cervix, and a palpable adnexal mass (fallopian tube). What do you suspect?
Ectopic Pregnancy
Hypotension, abdominal guarding and rebound tenderness can be seen in what stage of an ectopic pregnancy?
rupture
What is the test of choice for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy?
Ultrasound
What folic acid antagonist is used to treat an ectopic pregnancy and works by disrupting the rapidly dividing trophoblastic cells?
Methotrexate
What percentage of women who have had an ectopic pregnancy experience difficulty conceiving later on?
30%
What is the term for a pregnancy that is lost at less than 20 weeks gestation?
Spontaneous Abortion
What is the term for a pregnancy complicated by bleeding before 20 weeks gestation?
Threatened Abortion
What is the term for when the cervix has dilated, but the products of conception have not been expelled?
Inevitable Abortion
What is the term for when all products of conception have been passed without need for surgical or medical intervention?
Complete Abortion
