Test 3 Part 2 Flashcards
Obesity can decrease fertility in women, but what about men?
obesity may decrease testosterone and other hormones leading to low sperm count
Many women with PCOS show signs of insulin resistance and/or obesity. What is PCOS?
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a common condition in young women
T/F: Primary infertility occurs when a patient has conceived in the past, but is now unable to.
False; this is secondary infertility. Primary occurs when the patient has never conceived
What types of problems make up the majority of female infertility?
ovulatory dysfunction and tubal/peritoneal factors
How often is infertility due to male factors?
25%
How often is infertility unexplained?
20%
What is a Mullerian duct abnormality?
cervical (female) factor which may cause infertility
For psychological aspects affecting infertility, put these in order:
Anger, Grief, Denial, Resolution
Denial
Anger
Grief
Resolution
DAGR
When performing semen analysis, how long should the patient abstain prior to the test? How long do you have to get the sample to the lab?
2-5 days;
within 1 hour
T/F: Postcoital tests, Antibody studies, and Sperm Penetration Assay are all test for evaluating female factors associated with fertility.
False; male factors
T/F: Ovulatory factors make up 20% of female factor infertility.
False; 40%
T/F: Luteal phase defect evaluation is the gold standard for evaluating female fertility.
False; this is a controversial evaluation
To evaluate fertility, when is ovarian reserve typically evaluated?
when patient is over 35 years of age
T/F: Transvaginal Ultrasounds, Hysterosalpingogram and Laparoscopy with chronotubation are all used to evaluate the pelvic factors associated with female fertility.
True
T/F: Pelvic exams are only used to evaluate pelvic factors of fertility.
False; also cervical factor
What does ART stand for?
Assisted Reproductive Technologies
What is the term for the removal of eggs from the ovary, fertilizing them in the laboratory, and replacing them in the patients uterus?
In Vitro Fertilization
When was the first live In Vitro Fertilization?
June 1978
T/F: In Vitro Fertilization success rates have improved from 6.6% in 1985 to nearly 30% as of 2003.
True
When evaluating risks for In Vitro Fertilization, what is the most imorotant prognostic indicator?
the age of the female partner (if over 43 y/o the live brith rate is only 2.4%)
What was the original reason for the development of In Vitro Fertilization?
patients with tubal disease
Superovulation, Oocyte retrieval, Fertilization with capacitate spermn/intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embro culture, embryo transfer, and luteal phase support are all different techniques for what?
IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)
What is the term for stimulating the production of several eggs to improve success of egg aspiration?
superovulation
Clomiphene citrate, Human menopausal gonadotropins, FSH products, and LH agonists are all used (often in combination) for what purpose?
ovulation induction therapy
How many follicles should be developing before proceeding with egg aspiration?
at least 2 or 3
What are the 2 methods used for oocyte retrieval?
laparoscopy (rare today) and Ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration
Which is a less expensive method of oocyte retrieval, laparoscopy or Ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration?
US is cheaper and can be done on an outpatient basis
T/F: During fertilization with capacitated sperm, once the sperm has undergone the physcial changes needed to penetrate and fertilize an egg the sperm has a considerably long incubation period in a culture medium.
False; short incubation period
During fertilization with capacitated sperm, why is important not to mix the sperm and eggs too early?
if mixed too early, fertilization and cleavage will not take place
When is intracytoplasmic sperm injection used?
in cases of male factor infertility and in cases where preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is performed
How long are embryos incubated before being replaced in the patient’s uterus for IVF?
3-5 days
Typically, how many embryos are implanted during IVF for patients under 35? 35-37? 38-40? over 40?
under 35 -> 2
35-37 -> 2-3
38-40 -> 3-4
over 40 -> 5
When might only 1 embryo be implanted during IVF?
If the patient is under 35 and has already had a successful IVF cycle
