Test 2 Part 3 Flashcards
Descent or herniation of the uterus into the vagina often resulting from cystocele, rectocele, or general weakening of the pelvic floor
Uterine prolapse
T/F: In a first degree uterine prolapse, the cervix and vagina drop outside the introitus.
False; this is a third degree prolapse. in 1st degree prolapse the cervix remains within the vagina
Absence of menses
amenorrhea
excessive bleeding during a menstrual period of usual duration
hypermenorrhea
excessive bleeding during a menstrual period that is longer in duration than normal
menorrhagia
menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged but of expected amounts
metorrhagia
infrequent menstruation
oligomenorrhea
increased frequency of menstruation not consistently associated with ovulation
polymenorrhea
small amounts of intermenstrual blood vaginal discharge (pink to dark brown)
spotting
abnormal uterine bleeding not associated with tumor, inflammation, pregnancy, trauma, or hormonal imbalance
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
menstrual bleeding occurring 1 year or more after menopause
postmenopausal bleeding
What type of uterine bleeding is caused by mid cycle estradiol fluctuation (ovulation)?
Mid cycle spotting
What are common causes of Profuse menstrual bleeding?
Endometrial polyps
DUB
Leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)
IUD
What are 3 common causes of Postmenopausal bleeding?
Endometrial hyperplasia
Estrogen therapy
Endometrial cancer
T/F: 40% of women over 40 years old have leiomyomas?
True, these are common benign uterine tumors
How much more likely are African American women to have uterine fibroids?
2-3 times
T/F: Nulliparity or delayed childbearing is a risk factor for uterine fibroids.
True
Who is most likely to develop endometrial carcinoma (uterine cancer)?
postmenopausal women
What is the term for a fluid-filled sac in an ovary, which may be unilateral or bilateral, and is often caused by hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctional?
Ovarian cyst
What is the worst type of ovarian cyst?
dermatoid/teratoma
T/F: Ovarian cysts are most often asymptomatic and incidental findings.
True
Cervical motion tenderness during exam
Chandelier sign
What is the most common form of ovarian cancer?
Epithelial cancer
What type of ovarian cancer develops from connective-tissue cells? from germ cells (cells that produce the egg)?
Stromal tumors;
Germ cell tumors
During the Bimanual exam, you notice enlarged or palpable ovaries. What should you consider until ruled out by other tests?
Ovarian cancer
What is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy?
fallopian tubes
Why are ectopic pregnancies often not diagnosed before rupture?
because symptoms may be mild
What is the term for a serious complication from an STI which results in an infection of the uterus/fallopian tubes?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes, often associated with PID
Salpingitis
Distention of the vagina caused by accumulation of fluid due to congenital vaginal obstruction due imperforated hymen or a transverse vaginal septum
Hydrocolops
Inflammation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues
Vulvovaginitis
T/F: Wiping from front to back can cause vulvovaginitis.
False; wiping back to front can
inflammation of the vagina due to thinning and shrinking of the tissues, resulting in decreased lubrication, caused by a lack of estrogen
atrophic vaginitis
