Test 3: lecture 1 Flashcards
two modes of transport for CV system
bulk flow
diffusion
Driving force for diffusion
concentration gradient (passive)
driving force for bulk flow
perfusion pressure from heart pumping- relies on ATP
AV valves have ___ muscles and ___
papillary
chordae tendineae (keep valves from everting)
Tricuspid valve is a ___ valve from ___ to ___
AV
right atrium → right ventricle
The Mitral valve is a ___ valve on what side of the heart
AV valve
left
The aortic and pulmonary valves are ___ valves
semilunar
pulmonary circuit is in series meaning__
all blood goes to lungs back to heart
systemic circuit is in parallel
blood goes everywhere at once so each part can get oxygen
which side is the volume reservior
venous
60%
which side of the systemic circuit is the pressure reservior
arterial
large arteries are made of
elastin
large smooth muscle
medium sized artery is made of
less elastin
bigger tunica externa
by ratio what type of vessel has the most smooth muscle
arteriole
make up of large vein
make up of medium sized vein
make up of venule
3 types of capillaries
continuous
fenestrated
sinusoid
sinusoid capillaries are found in the ___
spleen, liver, bone marrow
big holes=big things come through
thoracic duct empties into the
inferior vena cava
nutritional blood supply for vessels
vasa vasorum
what is in plasma
water
solutes proteins- albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, nitrogenous waste, organic nutrients
electrolytes
RBC and platelets are made from ___
myeloid stem cells (innate)
life cycle of RBC
myeloid stem cell → erythroblast → reticulocyte from bone marrow
leaves bone marrow, enters blood stream and becomes adult RBC
dies after 120 days→ eaten and broken down into
heme, iron ions and globin amino acids and cell components recycled by liver
hemoglobin gets broken into __
heme → biliverdin → (attaches to albumin) → bilirubin → liver → bile
iron ion → iron ions bound to transferrin → ferritin → liver
polycythemia
too many RBC
microcytic
too small
hypochromic
not enough O2 carried on hemoglobin
% of RBC in whole blood
hematocrit/packed cell volume
mean corpuscular volume
PCV/RBC
fL or micrometer3
normal
anemia (not enough)
polycythemia (too many)
•1 g of Hb can carry ___ of O2 when fully saturated
1.34 mL
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Hb/RBC
pg/cell
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Hb/PCV
g/dL
Three major causes of anemia
blood loss
early destruction of blood cells
making RBC incorrectly
two main types of anemia
regenerative
non-regenerative
regenerative anemia
something is killing RBC so body is making RBC more and releasing immature RBC to try to compensate for decrease in O2 carrying capacity
•Macrocytic (increased MCV) (too big)
•Increased reticulocyte count (immature RBC)
•Hypochromic (decreased MCHC)
•Examples•Hemolytic anemia•Hemorrhagic anemia
Non-Regenerative Anemia
not producing RBC correctly
- Normocytic or microcytic (MCV) (normal size or too small)
- Normal or low reticulocyte count (low amount of immature RBC cause body is not making them)
- Normochromic or hypochromic (MCHC)
- Examples•Dietary anemia•Aplastic anemia•Renal anemia
