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Radiology Bushong > Test 3 Chapters 5-6 > Flashcards

Test 3 Chapters 5-6 Flashcards

1
Q

3 components of X-ray imaging system:

A

Operating console
X-ray tube
High voltage generator

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2
Q

X-ray imaging systems operate voltages in the range of

A

25-150 KvP

100-1200 mA

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3
Q

The high voltage generator is always close to…..

mA is related to _________

A

The X-ray tube

X-ray tube current

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4
Q

Radiation quantity =

Radiation quality =

A

X-ray intensity
And calculates NUMBER of X-rays in mGy or mAs

X-ray penetrability
The ENERGY calculated in kvp or half value layer

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5
Q

AEC

Automatic exposure control

A

Electric circuits that connect the meters and controls which are at low voltage to minimize possible hazardous shock

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6
Q

Measures the voltage provided to the X-ray imaging system and adjusts the voltage to 230 V

A

Line compensator!

To keep kVp CONSTANT!!

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7
Q

Has one winding one core to supply precise voltage to the filament circuit and high voltage circuit

A

Autotranformer

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8
Q

All electric circuits are ______________ to prevent shock

A

Low voltage

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9
Q

Cathode

Anode

In the X-ray tube

A

Cathode is negative and is connected to filament

Anode is positive
As kvp raises, anode becomes more attracted to electrons that do NOT leave the
Filament

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10
Q

As kvp increases, a greater percentage of thermionically emitted electrons go toward the anode

A

Saturation current

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11
Q

THe more electrons released, the more HEAT

A

Thermionic emission

The release of electrons from a heated filament

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12
Q

*frequency of 60Hz or 1/60s
(Cannot be used for serial exposures)

  • most accurate for several exposures(X-rays)
  • will shut off when appropriate density is reached
  • will shut off exposure after a prescribed time (usually 6seconds)
  • terminates X-ray when the image receptor has received the appropriate radiation intensity.
A

Synchronous

Electronic

mAs

Guard

AEC

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13
Q

The high voltage generator contains 3 primary parts:

A

The high voltage transformer
The filament transformer
Rectifiers

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14
Q

What is rectification ?

A

The process or device used in converting AC to D.C.

X-rays need direct current (DC) !!

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15
Q

Voltage rectification is required to ensure that _______ flow from the ____________ cathode to anode ONLY.

A

Electrons

X-ray tube

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16
Q

An electron device that contains two electrodes:

A

A diode

A diode rectifier are made of silicon

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17
Q

Semi conductors have two types:

A

N-type (are free n loosely bound)

P-type (have spaces called holes and no electrons)

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18
Q

A solid p-n junction and conduct electricity in—–direction

Aka (solid state diode)

A

One !

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19
Q

On the secondary side of wave

Contains one or more diodes and is not allowed on negative side

A

UNrectified voltage

Half wave rectification

20
Q

The current that passes through the X-ray tube is only the ——- Half of the cycle wave

A

Positive side

21
Q

The voltage supplied to the X-ray tube are nearly ________ using the three phase power

A

Constant!

22
Q

Single phase power results in a ——- X-ray beam

A

Pulsating

These have low voltage or low penetrability

23
Q

The high frequency (500-25,000Hz)generator contain nearly constant voltage potential and are ——-

A

Smaller in size than the 60Hz generator

24
Q

Are used in almost all stationary X-ray imaging systems:

A

Full wave rectification and high frequency voltage generators

25
Q

Falling load generators are to ensure

A

Shortest possible exposure time!!

MAs timer

26
Q

Less voltage ripple results in

A

Greater radiation quantity and quality !

27
Q

X-ray tube consists of 3 parts:

A

The support structure
The protective housing
The glass or metal enclosure

28
Q

The internal structures of the X-ray tube are

A

The anode and cathode

29
Q

The source of X-rays in the X-ray tubes?

A

From the focal spot

30
Q

External structure of the X-ray tube

A

Support structure
Protective housing
Glass envelope

31
Q

X-rays that emit at the same intensity

A

Isotropically

32
Q

Shuts off X-rays after determined # of X-rays have hit the sensor

A

AEC

33
Q

Has to be less than 100mR/he at 1 meter

A

Leakage

34
Q

Oil serves as an __________ so that the X-ray tube doesn’t overheat

A

Insulator

35
Q

Electrons that are boiled off; then heats and forces electrons to go

A

The filament

36
Q

Filaments and the cathode are made of __________

A diode is made of ___________

A

Tungsten

Silicone

37
Q

Rectifiers are located in the ___________ winding and are processed with __________ to force the electrons to go in one direction aka __________

A

Secondary

Diodes

AC/DC

38
Q

Ionization chamber measures the

A

Radiation!!!!

39
Q

Step up transformer is located in the ——— and its job is to convert

A

Secondary/high voltage

Voltage to KvP
Amperage to milliamperes he

40
Q

Where is the auto transformer located? And what does it do

A

Control console/primary side

Selects KvP

41
Q

AEC is a safety feature to prevent

A

Over exposure

42
Q

What is the % of Three phase 12 pulse?

A

4% ripple and is the most dense

43
Q

High frequency generators have a percentage of ?

A

1 %

44
Q

The __________ the KvP

And the ________ mAs is less radiation exposure

A

Higher

Lower

45
Q

What is on the primary side

A

Control sonsole
Line compensator
Autotransformer

Radiology Bushong (11 decks)

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