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Radiology Bushong > Test 2 Chapters 3-4 > Flashcards

Test 2 Chapters 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of electromagnetic energy or regions of electromagnetic spectrum

A

Wavelength
Velocity
Amplitude
Frequency

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2
Q

Smallest QUANTITY of any electromagnetic radiation
Or
Small bundle of energy called a quantum.

No mass no charge

X-rays and gamm rays

A

Photon

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3
Q

Structures that transmit X-rays

They penetrate at a minimum of attenuation and are nearly invisible on radiographs

A

Radiolucency

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4
Q

The math relationship of intensity with density from a point source.
And inversely proportional

A

The Inverse Square Law

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5
Q

The # of wavelengths passing a point per second

A

Frequency

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6
Q

Energy CAN be transformed into another kind of energy but it can NOT be created or destroyed.

A

The law of conversion of energy

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7
Q

Gamma ray

A

Ionizing electromagnetic energy that is emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atom

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8
Q

The wide range of electromagnetic radiation described by WL, F, and Energy.

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

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9
Q

Sinusoidal variation (sine waves)

A

Mathematical or graph description of simple harmonic motion.

**Variations of amplitude over time

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10
Q

A single unit of electromagnetic radiation ?

A

Quantum

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11
Q

Visible light

A

The middle of the spectrum extending from 400nm-700nm (blue-red)

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12
Q

Wavelength math

Velocity math
Or electromagnetic radiation is constant

A

6.2 x 10-7

3x10’8 OR 186,000 mile/s

Test question!!!

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13
Q

800Hz frequency

50cm wavelength

A

Velocity= 400 m/s

Distance=2400m

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14
Q

What’s the Wavelength of 10-4m

A

3x10’12 Hz

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15
Q

Wave equation

A

Velocity = FxWL

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16
Q

What are the units of measure in the 3 imaging spectrum ?

A

Radiofrequency=Frequency =hertz (Hz)
Visible light =wavelength=meters(m)

X radiation by energy= electron volts (eV)

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17
Q

What is the energy range of diagnostic x rays ??

A

20-150keV

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18
Q

The difference between gamma rays and X-rays?

A

X-rays are emitted from the electron cloud

Gamma rays come from the Nucleus

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19
Q

Some regions of electromagnetic spectrum enhance like waves and some behave like particles.
What is this phenomenon called?

A

The wave particle duality of electromagnetic radiation

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20
Q

The reduction of X-ray beam intensity bcuz of absorption and scatter

A

Attenuation

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21
Q

What is the frequency of 70keV?

A

1.69 x 10’19 Hz

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22
Q

Radiopaque

Radiolucent

A

bones

Tissues

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23
Q

Objects observe light in 3 degrees

A

Transmission(not at all)
Attenuation (partially)
Absorption (completely)

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24
Q

The term field describes what

A

Interactions of different energies, forces, and masses that can not be seen.

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25
Q

The magnetic field

A

Interaction of magnetic poles

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26
Q

Sunlight has two types of visible light:

A

Infrared

Ultraviolet

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27
Q

Radiofrequencys is measured in what?

A

Hz

Has low energy and long wavelengths

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28
Q

The microwave has what kind of wavelengths ?

A

Very short

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29
Q

The shorter the photon wavelength; the _____ the photon energy

A

Higher!

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30
Q

X-rays behave as though they are _____

Visible light behaves like

A

Particles

a wave

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31
Q

The rise and fall of a sine wave is:

A

The Frequency

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32
Q

The #’s in electromagnetic radiation

The distance in electromagnetic radiation

A

Frequency

Wavelength

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33
Q

X-ray protection:

A

Time
Distance
Shielding

34
Q

When taking an X-ray what happens:

A

99% is heat

1% is the X-ray

35
Q

What is the electric charge and it’s units?

A

1 Coulomb=6.3x10’18 electrons

36
Q

Electric charges in motion

A

Electrodynamics

37
Q

Electric power=

Electric current=

Electric potential=

A

Watt

Amperage

Volt

38
Q

Stationary electric charges

A

Electrostatics

39
Q

Dipole

A

An object with two poles

40
Q

The ability to transfer energy from one object to another without touching

41
Q

An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned

A

Magnetic domain

42
Q

The relationship between radiation intensity and distance from radiation source

A

Inverse square Law

43
Q

Matter can not be created or destroyed

A

Law of conservation of matter

44
Q

Electromagnetic radiation can be visualized in 2 perpendicular some waves:

A

An electric field

Other magnetic field

45
Q

X-ray imaging is based on the energy form of X-ray photons that interact with

A

Tissues and the IR

46
Q

X-rays are one type of ________

Of electromagnetic energy

47
Q

Can be created by contact, friction, or induction

A

Electrification

48
Q

The force attraction between unlike charges or repulsion between like charges

A

Electrostatic force

49
Q

Electric potential is

Electric current

A

Voltage

Amperage

50
Q

Any substance thru wich electrons flow easily

A

A conductor

51
Q

An example of Direct current

A

Flashlight

52
Q

The laws of electrostatics
Like charges _________
Unlike charges ___________

This is also an example of electrostatic force

A

Repel

Attract

53
Q

Electrification occurs thru movement of ____________ ONLY!

54
Q

The smallest unit of electron charge

55
Q

What kind of charge is electricity

56
Q

The unit of electrostatic charge

Electrostatic force unit?

Electromotive force

A

Coulomb

Newton

Colt

57
Q

There are two types of electric circuits and what is the difference between them

A

Parallel and series

Series is (if one xmas light goes out, they all go out.)

Parallel - (if one bulb goes out, it will still work !!)

58
Q

Height from crest to valley

59
Q

Changes the intensity of alternating current

A

Transformer

60
Q

Convertsto mechanical to electric energy

61
Q

Converts electric to mechanical energy

62
Q

A coil of wire

The wire or magnet have to move to create the magnetic field

63
Q

A transformer will only operate with an ______ current

64
Q

Ferromagnetic

Iron nickel or cobalt

A

Can permanently magnetize

65
Q

Voltaic pile

A

Stacked copper plates like a sandwich

66
Q

3 types of transformer

A

Auto transformer
Shell type transformer
Closed-core transformer

67
Q

The most efficient type of transformer

Which also traps the magnetic field

A

Shell type transformer

68
Q

Inherent in the wire and heat

A

Resistance

69
Q

Auto transformer has an iron core with ____

A

Primary and secondary coils in 1 wire

70
Q

2 units of magnetic intensity

A

Gauss -10,000 = 1 Tesla

71
Q

The energy per unit charge that causes electrons to move in an electric conductor

A

Electric potential

72
Q

3 ways to electrify an object ?

A

Contact, friction, induction

73
Q

3 principal type of magnets

A

Permanent magnets, electromagnets,

superconducting magnets

74
Q

An electromagnet is current carrying coil wrapped around a ________

A

Ferromagnetic core

75
Q

What happens when a bar magnet is heated to a very high temperature?

A

It loses its magnetic properties

76
Q

3 diamagnetic materials

A

Wood
Water
Plastics

77
Q

Where might someone find an everyday electromagnet ?

A

Garage door devices and other controllers

78
Q

A coil of wire that is connected to a current measuring device called?

79
Q

When electric current flows through a wire with resistance, Energy is generated as______

80
Q

Structures that attenuate in a less degree would be called?

A

Radiolucent

Radiology Bushong (11 decks)

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