Test 2 Chapters 3-4 Flashcards by Michelle Niewinski

Properties of electromagnetic energy or regions of electromagnetic spectrum

Wavelength
Velocity
Amplitude
Frequency

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Smallest QUANTITY of any electromagnetic radiation
Or
Small bundle of energy called a quantum.

No mass no charge

X-rays and gamm rays

Photon

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Structures that transmit X-rays

They penetrate at a minimum of attenuation and are nearly invisible on radiographs

Radiolucency

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The math relationship of intensity with density from a point source.
And inversely proportional

The Inverse Square Law

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The # of wavelengths passing a point per second

Frequency

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Energy CAN be transformed into another kind of energy but it can NOT be created or destroyed.

The law of conversion of energy

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Gamma ray

Ionizing electromagnetic energy that is emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atom

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The wide range of electromagnetic radiation described by WL, F, and Energy.

Electromagnetic spectrum

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Sinusoidal variation (sine waves)

Mathematical or graph description of simple harmonic motion.

**Variations of amplitude over time

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A single unit of electromagnetic radiation ?

Quantum

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Visible light

The middle of the spectrum extending from 400nm-700nm (blue-red)

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Wavelength math

Velocity math
Or electromagnetic radiation is constant

6.2 x 10-7

3x10’8 OR 186,000 mile/s

Test question!!!

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800Hz frequency

50cm wavelength

Velocity= 400 m/s

Distance=2400m

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What’s the Wavelength of 10-4m

3x10’12 Hz

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Wave equation

Velocity = FxWL

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What are the units of measure in the 3 imaging spectrum ?

Radiofrequency=Frequency =hertz (Hz)
Visible light =wavelength=meters(m)

X radiation by energy= electron volts (eV)

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What is the energy range of diagnostic x rays ??

20-150keV

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The difference between gamma rays and X-rays?

X-rays are emitted from the electron cloud

Gamma rays come from the Nucleus

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Some regions of electromagnetic spectrum enhance like waves and some behave like particles.
What is this phenomenon called?

The wave particle duality of electromagnetic radiation

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The reduction of X-ray beam intensity bcuz of absorption and scatter

Attenuation

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What is the frequency of 70keV?

1.69 x 10’19 Hz

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Radiopaque

Radiolucent

bones

Tissues

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Objects observe light in 3 degrees

Transmission(not at all)
Attenuation (partially)
Absorption (completely)

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The term field describes what

Interactions of different energies, forces, and masses that can not be seen.

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The magnetic field

Interaction of magnetic poles

Sunlight has two types of visible light:

Infrared | Ultraviolet

Radiofrequencys is measured in what?

Hz | Has low energy and long wavelengths

The microwave has what kind of wavelengths ?

Very short

The shorter the photon wavelength; the _____ the photon energy

Higher!

X-rays behave as though they are _____ Visible light behaves like

Particles a wave

The rise and fall of a sine wave is:

The Frequency

The #'s in electromagnetic radiation The distance in electromagnetic radiation

Frequency Wavelength

X-ray protection:

Time Distance Shielding

When taking an X-ray what happens:

99% is heat | 1% is the X-ray

What is the electric charge and it's units?

1 Coulomb=6.3x10'18 electrons

Electric charges in motion

Electrodynamics

Electric power= Electric current= Electric potential=

Watt Amperage Volt

Stationary electric charges

Electrostatics

Dipole

An object with two poles

The ability to transfer energy from one object to another without touching

Induction

An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned

Magnetic domain

The relationship between radiation intensity and distance from radiation source

Inverse square Law

Matter can not be created or destroyed

Law of conservation of matter

Electromagnetic radiation can be visualized in 2 perpendicular some waves:

An electric field | Other magnetic field

X-ray imaging is based on the energy form of X-ray photons that interact with

Tissues and the IR

X-rays are one type of ________ | Of electromagnetic energy

Photon!

Can be created by contact, friction, or induction

Electrification

The force attraction between unlike charges or repulsion between like charges

Electrostatic force

Electric potential is Electric current

Voltage Amperage

Any substance thru wich electrons flow easily

A conductor

An example of Direct current

Flashlight

The laws of electrostatics Like charges _________ Unlike charges ___________ This is also an example of electrostatic force

Repel | Attract

Electrification occurs thru movement of ____________ ONLY!

Electrons

The smallest unit of electron charge

Electrons

What kind of charge is electricity

Negative

The unit of electrostatic charge Electrostatic force unit? Electromotive force

Coulomb Newton Colt

There are two types of electric circuits and what is the difference between them

Parallel and series Series is (if one xmas light goes out, they all go out.) Parallel - (if one bulb goes out, it will still work !!)

Height from crest to valley

Amplitude

Changes the intensity of alternating current

Transformer

Convertsto mechanical to electric energy

Generator

Converts electric to mechanical energy

Motor

A coil of wire The wire or magnet have to move to create the magnetic field

Solenoid

A transformer will only operate with an ______ current

Ferromagnetic Iron nickel or cobalt

Can permanently magnetize

Voltaic pile

Stacked copper plates like a sandwich

3 types of transformer

Auto transformer Shell type transformer Closed-core transformer

The most efficient type of transformer | Which also traps the magnetic field

Shell type transformer

Inherent in the wire and heat

Resistance

Auto transformer has an iron core with ____

Primary and secondary coils in 1 wire

2 units of magnetic intensity

Gauss -10,000 = 1 Tesla

The energy per unit charge that causes electrons to move in an electric conductor

Electric potential

3 ways to electrify an object ?

Contact, friction, induction

3 principal type of magnets

Permanent magnets, electromagnets, | superconducting magnets

An electromagnet is current carrying coil wrapped around a ________

Ferromagnetic core

What happens when a bar magnet is heated to a very high temperature?

It loses its magnetic properties

3 diamagnetic materials

Wood Water Plastics

Where might someone find an everyday electromagnet ?

Garage door devices and other controllers

A coil of wire that is connected to a current measuring device called?

Ammeter

When electric current flows through a wire with resistance, Energy is generated as______

Heat!!

Structures that attenuate in a less degree would be called?

Radiolucent