Ch 12 Test 1 spring semester Flashcards by Michelle Niewinski

Two parts of radiographic film?

Base

Emulsion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The medium that converts the X-ray beam into a visible image

The image Receptor IR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does emulsion consist of?

Gelatin and silver halide crystals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Photoelectrons and silver ions are attracted to these sensitivity centers to form ?

The latent image center

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The size and distribution of silver halide crystals effect what ?

The film speed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when light crosses over the base in the image intensifying screen?

Increased blurring in the image

But images are more blurred than without the screens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a safelight ?

A light for the Lightroom to provide enough light to illuminate the room without damaging the film

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The use of intensifying screens with film allows for what?

Reduced technique=reduced patient dose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The silver bromine and iodine atoms are fixed together to form?

Crystal lattice on ion form

Silver is positive
Bromine and iodide are negative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An atom that has too many or too few electrons and therefore has an electron charge

An Ion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The group of silver atoms;

Where visible quantities of silver form during film processing to create the image

Latent image center

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A device that converts energy of the X-ray beam into visible light

The intensifying screen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

THe active layer of the intensifying screen

The phosphor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Converts X-ray beam into light

The Phosphor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The layer farthest from the radiographic film

The base

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The emitted visible light

Luminescence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The wavelength of the emitted light is determined by

The level of excitation of the electron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During stimulation:
(X-rays)
after stimulation:
Flouro)

Fluorescence

Phosphorescence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is on the base of the film to act as a mirror

Reflective layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This occurs on our image with too little mAs

Quantum mottle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Increasing screen speed; causes more light.. thus giving our patient ??

Less patient dose!!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What reduces optical density in screen film?

Spectral matching

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The use of screens- increase tube life but then reduces?

Patient dose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

With fog, our geometric detail stays the same but our visual detail goes?

Down!! Because we have more density(the whole film is a different shade of grey)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contrast resolution is determined by ?

Tissue absorption

Increased film speed, results in lower?

Detail.

Where do we see carbon fiber used in the radiology room?

On the table(couch)

What is the efficiency of rare earth screens vs calcium tungstate??

Rare earth is 20% | Calcium tungstate is 5%

The thickness of the crystals on the emulsion can affect what?

The film speed!

Double emulsion film can increase ?

Speed

After exposure to light(X-rays), the film becomes more ?

Sensitive

The conductor of heat on the tube is the ?

Anode

The source of electrons come from where in the tube ?

The filament which is in the cathode

The removal of an electron from an atom

Ionization

The energy of motion

Kinetic energy

The type of energy used in X-ray?

Electromagnetic energy

Energy emitted and transferred through space

Radiation!!

The orbital electron and the atom from which it separated is called?

Ion pair | And we measure these with a dosimeter :)

Gamma rays are from | X-rays are from

The nucleus | Electron cloud

Cosmic rays come from | Terrestrial rays come from

Sun and stars Deposits of uranium radionuclides on earth

Barium platinocyanide is used in

Flouro!

When did Roentgen discovered X-rays

Nov 8, 1895

Standard units of measure

Mass length time

The subunit for exposure is?? | The subunit for absorbed dose and effective dose ?

Air Kerma /coulomb Joule (gray vs sievert)

Why is the K shell the only shell in Radiation X-rays?

Because of its binding energy!! | Occupies only 2 electrons in its shell

Same atomic # but different mass Same atomic #, same mass

Isotopes Isomers

What is the symbol for the atomic #

Z | Symbolizes #s of protons

Two main types of particulate radiation?

Alpha and Beta Alpha is heavy! Beta electron emitted from the nucleus

The non ionizing radiation used is?

MRI and ultrasound

Have no mass and no charge??

Photons!!

The unit for frequency?

Hertz (Hz)

Th speed of light =

Velocity

Two types of invisible light emitted by the sun?

Infrared | Ultraviolet

The only difference between X-rays and gamma rays?

Their origin

Inverse square law

Used to calculate amount of intensity of X-ray by increasing or decreasing distance

Radiopaque Radiolucent

Total absorption (only bone) Attenuation (bone muscle air)

What is the heel effect??

More #s of electrons exist on the cathode side bcuz that’s where the X-rays are created. The anode side of the tube has less X-rays so you need to place the thicker body part on the cathode side.

3 types of electromagnetic energy?

X-rays Visible light Radiofrequencies

Unlike charges attract, while like charges repel

Electrostatic force

AC vs DC

Ac-back and forth electron flow DC-electron flow in one direction (Thus the transformer to change AC to DC)

Circuits - Parallel vs series Solenoid-

Parallel- new Xmas lights Series-old xmas lights A coil of wire

Silver ion crystals are converted to atomic silver

Film processing

Latent image is converted to visible image

Developing

Removes silver halide from emulsion and hardens the gelatin

Fixing

The wetting and stop bath are both not included in

Autoprocessing

Reducing a silver ion to matallic silver is called?

The reducing agent

Th action when 2 agents work better together than alone is called?

Synergism

The amount of Time it takes to process manually vs autoprocess?

1 hour manually | 90 seconds auto

What is a preservative used for?

It is in the developer to keep it clear and to control the oxidation in the developer

The lack of sufficient glutaraldahyde (the hardener) May be the biggest problem with

the auto processor

Film development has 3 characteristics which of are very important:

Time Temp concentration

The temperature in the developer is ? | N wash water?

95* | And in wash water 5*

Inadequate washing leads to what in the film?

Fading and browning | Aka (hypo retention)

What stops the electrons?? As energy is released n produces X-rays?

The anode (aka target)

What are the crossover racks in the processor?

Transports the film to one step to th next step (buckets)

The fixing agent removes what?

Undeveloped silver ions

The activator does what?

It’s made of acetic acid and neutralizes the developer and stops its action

The purpose of the autotransformer?

To select KvP, One winding, one core Serves as both primary and secondary coils

The binding energy to an electron to a nucleus is higher for a _______ shell than an M shell

L shell