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Radiology Bushong > Spring semester Test 5 Ch 14-22 > Flashcards

Spring semester Test 5 Ch 14-22 Flashcards

1
Q

Exposure artifacts are

A

Improper pt preparation
Double exposure
Blur
Grid cutoff

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2
Q

In handling artifacts; light fog is caused by

A

The temp or humidity is too high
The safelight is too bright
Film has been left in X-ray room

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3
Q

Acceptance testing
Routine performance monitoring
Maintenance

A

An acceptable QC program consists of these 3 steps

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4
Q

The Ten Step monitoring system and eval process is promoted by the

A

The joint commission JTC

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5
Q

The most important part of patient protection is ?

What is the minimum total required?

A

Filtration -2.5 mm aluminum

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6
Q

To measure proper filtration, what is used and how frequently should this be done ?

A

Half value layer

Annually or when there has been a change to tube housing

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7
Q

Misalignment of collimator should not exceed _____

A

2% of the SID

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8
Q

Most systems use _____ collimators which can not be larger than the receptor size

A

PBL

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9
Q

Spatial resolution is principally determined by

A

Focal spot size

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10
Q

3 tools used for measurement of focal spot size

A

The pinhole camera
The star pattern
Th slit camera

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11
Q

How long can a Cr sit before it needs to be erased?

A

24hrs

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12
Q

The process of assigning a value to a dead pixel based on the recorded values of adjacent pixels

A

Interpolation

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13
Q

A software correction that is performed to equalize the response of each pixel to a inform X-ray beam

A

Flat-shielding

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14
Q

A graph of frequency of occurrence versus digital value intervals
Has discrete plots

A

Histogram

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15
Q

IR artifacts for digital

A

Dust, dirt, scratches
Pixel malfunction
Ghost images

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16
Q

Software artifacts for digital

A

Histograms
Range/scaling
Image compression

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17
Q

Object artifacts in digital

A

Pt positioning
Collimation/partitioning
Backscatter

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18
Q

2 artifacts in pre processing are

A

Interpolation

Flatshielding

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19
Q

Artifacts that occur bcuz of dead pixels or dead rows/columns

A

Pre -processing

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20
Q

Things that associate with image compression

A

Lossless compression

CAD systems require uncompressed images for processing

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21
Q

Compressed images may cause ____ whole using CAD systems

A

Lesions or lack of data

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22
Q

Multiple images on a single IP results in a proper separation and collimation of each image

A

Partitioning

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23
Q

Dust on the CR optical path (mirrors and lenses) can’t be cleaned by _______

A

Rad techs, they must have professional service

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24
Q

The backup timer terminates after how long ??

A

6sec or 600ma

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25
Q

In flouro, Entrance skin exposure (ESE) should not exceed _____

A

10R/min

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26
Q

Any combo of mA and S should produce same mAs value 10%

Make 3 exposures the same

A

Exposure linearity

Exposure reproducibility

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27
Q

Kvp calibration uses a _____

A

Ion chamber and is +-10%

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28
Q

A line pair test is used to measure

A

Resolution

29
Q

Background light is also called

A

Ambient light

30
Q

ROI

A

Region of interst -bring sharpness of interest

31
Q

LCD

CRT

A

Flat, active matrix

Curved, light emitting, scanned electron

32
Q

Image inversion

Window and level

A

Black to white, white to black

Makes all shades of grey visible

33
Q

Materials that emit light
Light during stimulation
Glows after stimulation

A

Luminescence
Fluorescence
Phosphorescence

34
Q

The property of the source of light

Basic Photometric unit

A

Candela aka nit

Lumen

35
Q

LED

A

Light emitting diode

36
Q

Photostimuable phosphor is used in:

TFT and CCD is used in

A

CR

DR

37
Q

A property of luminescence transmitted by fiber optic bundles

A

A scintillator

38
Q

Spatial resolution is the ability to

A

See small objects
Soft tissue = low spatial frequency
Bone,breast=high spatial frequenc

39
Q

Binary system uses

A

2 digits (0,1)

40
Q

Bit

Byte

A

(0,1)

Group of 8 bits

41
Q

CPU

Motherboard

A

Control unit

Ram, Rom

42
Q

PACS

DICOM

A

Picture archiving and communications system
(Radiologist can access anywhere)

Digital imaging and communications in medicine (image storage)

43
Q

RIS

Earliest calculating tools

A

Radiology information system

Abacus

44
Q

1st general purpose computer

1st operational computer

A

ENIAC

Colossus

45
Q

Parallax effect =

Image characteristics

A

Penumbra

Spatial res, contrast res, noise, artifacts

46
Q

Test device for Filtration

Test device for Collimation

A

HVL-2.5 mm Aluminum

PBL-spatial resolution [not exceed 2%]

47
Q

How to test protective apparel?

A

Radiograph to check for cracks or tears

48
Q

2 type of luminance meters

A

Near range
Telescopic
(0.05 to 1000 cd/m)

49
Q

Test device for Kvp calliboration and criteria needed?

A

Ion chambers

W/in 10% of selected kvp !!

50
Q

Th frequency for all testing is Annually!!!!! But which is done semi annually??

A

Collimation

51
Q

Test device used for geometric, reflection, resolution, display noise???

A

TG-18-

52
Q

Luminance response should be less than 30% _____

A

Nonuniformity

53
Q

Protective apparel lead aprons for Diagnostic imaging should at least be

A

.25mm lead

And .50 for Flouro!!!

54
Q

For best digital viewing, we should view __________

Photometry is the ________

A

Straight on!!

Science of measuring light

55
Q

4 components of any medical image

A

Spatial resolution
Contrast resolution
Artifacts
Noise

55
Q

To have quantum mottle is to have

Contrast resolution is limited by

A

Not enough mAs

Noise or SNR (signal to noise ratio)

55
Q

The principle source of noise is

DR is a ____bit range

A

Scatter radiation

14Bit

55
Q

Direct DR uses which capture element ??

Indirect Dr uses with capturing elements??

A

A-se
Amorphous selenium

CSI or a-Si
Amorphous silicon

55
Q

Spatial resolution is limited by

A

Pixel size !! And MTF!!(modulated transfer system)

Contrast resolution is more important

55
Q

A measure of X-ray absorption efficiency

A

DQE

Detective quantum efficiency

55
Q

Photopic

Scotopic

A

Bright light with cones of eye

Dim light with rods of eye

56
Q

QC deals with what

QA deals with

A

Instrument and equipment

People

57
Q

Exposure timer and exposure reproductiblity is within

A

5%

58
Q

The SMPTE

A

The society motion picture and television engineers

Described format for contrast and display resolutions

59
Q

DICOM presented a document to allow medical images to be transferred referred to as

A

GSDF

Gray scale display function

60
Q

Measurements and observations should be instituted for all display devices

A

AAPM TG 18

61
Q

Best digital viewing is done

A

Straight on!

62
Q

The TG 18-QC

Should be viewed

A

Regularly

Done by technologists!!!

Radiology Bushong (11 decks)

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