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Freshman Semester > Test 3-Anatomy 1 (craninal Nerves) > Flashcards

Test 3-Anatomy 1 (craninal Nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

Naming

  1. Each cranial nerve has a number indicating the order, from ______ to ______ in which it arises from the brain
  2. Each has a name that designates the nerves _______
A
  1. Anterior/Posterior

2. Function

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2
Q

Nature

  1. Cranial nerves are functionally either ______ neurons only, or mixed (some combination of _______ and ________
  2. Those that are mixed may be primarily ______ or primarily ______
A
  1. Sensory (afferent)/Sensory (afferent)/Motor (efferent)

2. Primarily motor/Primarily sensory

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3
Q

Sensory Cranial nerves

  1. Two cranial nerves contain only sensory neurons: _____, _______
  2. One cranial nerve is so predominantly sensory that its motor function is frequently overlooked: ________
  3. Cranial nerves I, II, VIII are thus called _______ (even though CN VIII is not exclusively sensory)
A
  1. Cranial nerve I (olfactory)/Cranial nerve II (optic)
  2. Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear)
  3. Sensory Nerves
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4
Q

Motor Cranial Nerves

  1. There are no cranial nerves that are exclusively motor throughout their entire length, however cranial nerves ______, ______, ______, ______, ______ are commonly called motor nerves because their function is predominantly motor
  2. They are often said to be mixed _____ or mixed ______
  3. It is a general principle that the sensory function of such nerves is ______ of the muscles over which they exert motor control
A
  1. III, IV, VI, XI, XII
  2. Mainly motor/Primarily motor
  3. Proprioception
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5
Q

Mixed Cranial nerves

  1. Cranial nerves _____, ______, ______, and _______ are termed mixed nerves because they have substantial motor and sensory functions, and contain axons of both ______ and ______ neurons
A
  1. V/ VII/ IX/X/Sensory/Motor
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6
Q

Single function motor cranial nerves

Most cranial nerves that have a motor function innervate more than one muscle, but the sole mission of two cranial nerves is to innervate a single muscle each:

  1. ______: Innervates the superior oblique
  2. ______: Innervates the lateral reclusive
  3. Both muscles are extrinsic muscles of the _______
  4. Each nerve is primarily ____, with _______ of its muscle being its _______ function
A
  1. Trochlear (IV)
  2. Abducens (VI)
  3. Eye
  4. Motor/Proprioception/Sensory
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7
Q

Somatic and Autonomic

  1. All motor cranial nerves have neurons that innervate _____ muscles

Some motor cranial nerves also have autonomic motor axons:

  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______
  4. ______
  5. The autonomic axons are part of the _____ division, and innervate ______, ______, and _______
A
  1. Somatic (Skeletal)
  2. III (Oculomotor)
  3. VII (Facial)
  4. IX (Glossopharyngeal)
  5. X (Vagus)
  6. Parasympathetic/Glands/Smooth muscle/cardiac muscle
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8
Q

I-Olfactory

  1. Entirely _____
  2. Contains axons that conduct nerve impulses for the sense of _____
  3. ______ and ______ are not CN I
  4. Short function: _______
A
  1. Sensory
  2. Smell
  3. Olfactory bulb/Olfactory tract
  4. Smell
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9
Q

I- Olfactory

  1. Olfactory receptors are ______ neurons
  2. Bundles of axons of the receptors extend through the ______ plate of the ______
  3. Those bundles taken together are the ______ nerve
  4. Loss of the sense of smell is called ______
A
  1. Bipolar
  2. Cribriform/Ethmoid
  3. Olfactory
  4. Ansomia
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10
Q

II- Optic

  1. Entirely _____
  2. Contains ______ axons that conduct nerve impulses for ______
  3. Optic _____ versus optic _______; Opitc _______
  4. Short function: _____
A
  1. Sensory
  2. Myelinated
  3. Nerve/Tract/Chiasma
  4. Vision
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11
Q

II- Optic

  1. _____ and ______ in the retina are light sensitive cells
  2. They relay signals to ______ cells, which convey the impulses to _____ cells, also in the retinal
  3. Axons of the ganglion cells form the _____ nerve and those same axons continue on to form the optic _____
A
  1. Rods/Cones
  2. Bipolar/Ganglion
  3. The optic/Tract
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12
Q

II Optic

  1. Assessment of _____ vision is one test associated with cranial nerve II
A
  1. Peripheral vision
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13
Q

III- Oculomotor

  1. Mainly _____
  2. Controls extrinsic ____ not innervated by ____ and ____
  3. Innervates intrinsic eye muscles: _____ muscle (on lens) ________ (iris)
  4. Short function: ______
A
  1. Motor
  2. Eye muscles/IV/VI
  3. Intrinsic Eye/ Sphincter papillae
  4. Eye movement
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14
Q

III-Oculomotor

  1. Innervates most eye _______
  2. _________ to intrinsic eye muscles
  3. Innervates _______ ( muscle of the upper eyelid)
A
  1. Eye muscles
  2. Parasympathetic innervation
  3. Levator palpebrae superioris
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15
Q

III- Oculomotor

  1. This is the pupillary ______ response test
  2. Bothe pupils should ______ when light is shined in only one eye
A
  1. Light

2. Constrict

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16
Q

IV- Trochlear

  1. Mainly ______
  2. Smallest of the _______ nerves
  3. Innervates superior ______ muscle of the eye
  4. Only _____ nerve to arise from the ______ aspect of the brain stem
  5. Short function: _____
A
  1. Motor
  2. Cranial nerves
  3. Oblique
  4. Cranial/Posterior
  5. Eye movement
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17
Q

IV Trochelar

  1. The trochlea is a pulley like loop through which the tendon of the _______ muscle passes
  2. The superior oblique moves the eyeball ______ and ______
A
  1. Superior oblique

2. Inferiorly/laterally

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18
Q

IV-Trochlear

  1. Following a moving object with the eyes assesses cranial nerves ______, ____, and _______ since all three innervate extrinsic muscles of the eye
A
  1. III/IV/VI
19
Q

V-Trigeminal

Mixed

  1. _____ of the cranial nerves
  2. Emerges from ______ isolated from other cranial nerves
  3. Provides sensory neurons to ______, ______, and _______
  4. Motor neurons control ______ movements
  5. Short function: ______, _______
A
  1. Largest
  2. Pons
  3. Face/Head/Anterior 2/3 tongue
  4. Chewing
  5. Mastication/facia sensation
20
Q

V- Trigeminal

The trigeminal has two roots:

  1. Smaller motor root supplying the muscles of _______
  2. Larger ______ root, which has three branches: ______, ______, _______
A
  1. Mastication

2. Sensory/Ophthalmic nerve/Maxillary nerve/Mandibular nerve

21
Q

V-Trigeminal

  1. Maxillary nerve anesthesia is a local _______ technique used by _____ and _____
A
  1. Anesthetic/Dentist/Physicians
22
Q

V- Trigemninal

  1. An assessment of ______ function is to have the patient _____ down while feeling the _______ muscle, then to have the patient attempt open their _____ against resistance applied by the examiner
A
  1. Motor/Bite/Masseter/Mouth
23
Q

V-Trigeminal

  1. An assessment of ______ function is to have the patient close their _____, then the examiner touches the face with different objects and the patient describes the type of sensation as _____, ______, ______, the degree of _______, and where is is on the _____
A
  1. Sensory/Eyes/Sharp/Dull/Soft/pressure/face
24
Q

VI- Abducens

  1. Mainly _____
  2. Innervates ______ muscle of the _____
  3. Nerve is also called the _____
  4. Short function: _____
A
  1. Motor
  2. Lateral rectus/Eye
  3. Abducent
  4. Eye movement
25
Q

VI-Abducents

  1. The ______ muscle moves the eye _____
  2. It causes ______ of the eye, hence the name of the nerve that supplies it
A
  1. Lateral rectus/Laterally

2. Abduction

26
Q

VI-Abducens

  1. Following a _______ object with the eyes assesses cranial nerves _____, _____, and ______ since all three innervate extrinsic muscles of the eye
A
  1. Moving/III/IV/VI
27
Q

VII-Facial

  1. _______
  2. ______ Motor axons innervate muscles of _______ expression, and ______, posterior belly of _______, and ______ muscles
  3. _______ axons extend to lacrimal _____, _____, and ______ producing _______ and ________ glands
A
  1. Mixed
  2. Somatic/Facial/Stylohyoid/Digastric/Stapedius
  3. Parasympathetic/Glands/Nasal glands/Saliva/Sublingual/Submandibular
28
Q

VII-Facial

  1. ______ axons extend from _____ in the anterior two thirds of the ______
  2. Short function: ______, ______, ______, ______
A
  1. Sensory/Taste buds/Tongue

2. Facial expression/Taste/Salivation/Lacrimation

29
Q

VII-Facial

Branches of the facial nerve:

  1. _____
  2. _____
  3. ____
  4. _____
  5. ______
A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Mandibular
  5. Cervical
30
Q

VII-Facial

  1. Having the patient exercise the muscles of facial expression by ______, ______ and _____ both cheeks, and noting any _______, _______, _______ or _______of normal facial creases is an assessment of motor function
A
  1. Smiling/Frowning/Puffing/Asymmetries/Drooping/Sagging/Smoothing
31
Q

VIII-Vestibulocochlear

  1. Mainly _____
  2. Formerly known as the ______, or ______ nerve
  3. Vestibular branch carries impulses for _____
  4. _____ branch carries impulses for hearing
  5. Short function: ______ and _____
A
  1. Sensory
  2. Acoustic/Auditory
  3. Equilibrium
  4. Cochlear
  5. Balance/Hearing
32
Q

VIII- Vestibulocochelar

  1. The examiner rubs fingers together both ______ and _____ very near to, yet not touching, each ear as one assessment of hearing
A
  1. Alternately/simultaneously
33
Q

IX-Glossopharyngeal

  1. ______
  2. Sensory axons to: Posterior _____ of ______ for taste from taste buds, and for _______; _________ in carotid sinus and _______ in carotid bodies
  3. Motor fibers to ______
  4. Short function : _____, _______, ______ of pharynx
A

1 Mixed

  1. 1-3/Tougue/tactical sensation/Baroreceptors/Chemoreceptors
  2. Parotid gland
  3. Taste/Salivation/Innervation
34
Q

IX- Glossopharyngeal

  1. The carotid sinus is a _____ region of the internal _____ artery. It contains the _____ body, which is a cluster of ______ that respond to changes in blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions
A
  1. Dilated/Carotid/Carotid/Chemoreceptors
35
Q

IX-Glossopharyngeal

  1. Having the patient open their mouth, their tongue, and say ______ while the examiner observes the soft ____, _____, and _____, as well as listens tot he voice for evidence of hoarseness, is an assessment of both cranial nerves IX and X
A
  1. Ahhh/Soft palate/uvula/pharynx
36
Q

X-Vagus

  1. ______
  2. The _____ cranial nerve
  3. Short function: ______, _____, _____, _____, ______, _____
A
  1. Mixed
  2. Longest
  3. Swallowing/Talking/Cardiac/GI tract/Respiration/Taste
37
Q

X-Vagus

  1. The vagus nerve is widely distributed in the _____, ______, ______ and ______
A
  1. Head/Neck/Thorax/Abdomen
38
Q

X-Vagus

  1. Sensory function in _____, _____, ______, ______ and ______ from the epiglottis and pharynx, monitoring of blood _____, _____, and ______
  2. Somatic motor function in _____, ______, and ______ production
  3. ______ motor function (parasympathetic) in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation of _____, slowing of the heart rate, and secretion of ______ fluids
A
  1. Taste/touch/pain/temperature/Proprioception/Pressure/oxygen/Carbon dioxide
  2. Swallowing/Coughing/Voice
  3. Autonomic/GI tract/Digestive
39
Q

XI- Accessory

  1. ______
  2. Originates from both the _____ and the ______ so it is sometimes called the _______ (only cranial nerve to have a spinal cord component)
  3. Impulses to voluntary muscles used in _____, and to ______ and _____
  4. Short function: _______ and ______ muscles, ____ and _____ movement
A
  1. Mixed
  2. Brain stem/Spinal cord/Spinal accessory
  3. Swallowing/Trapezius/Sternocleidomastoid
  4. Pharynx/Larynx/Neck/shoulder
40
Q

XI-Accessory

  1. Shrugging of the _____ by the ______ muscle against resistance from the examiner as well as turning the head to the _____, again against resistance
A
  1. Shoulders/Trapezius/Side
41
Q

XII-Hypoglossal

  1. _____
  2. Innervates all intrinsic muscle of the _______ as well as all the ______ muscle except the _______, for movements in speech and swallowing
  3. Short function: ______
A
  1. Mixed
  2. tongue/extrinsic tongue/palatoglossus
  3. Tongue movement
42
Q

XII-Hypoglossal

  1. _____ and ______ movement of the tongue is an assessment of the ______ nerve
A
  1. Protrusion/Side to side/Hypoglossal
43
Q

XII-Hypoglossal

  1. Balanced action of the paired ________ muscle is required to protrude the tongue straight out. If one _______ muscle is inactive, the action of the intact muscle is ________. The tongue then deviates toward the Side of the _______ muscle
A
  1. Genioglossi/Genioglossus/Unopposed/Inactive

Freshman Semester (10 decks)

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