Test 3: 46 avian Flashcards
respiratory system of birds
Two functional seperate distinct components:
Ventilation
- Conducting airways
- Air sacs
- Thoracic skeleton
- Respiratory muscles
Gas exchange
- Parabronchial lung
compare trachea in mammals and birds
birds have complete tracheal rings
also have increased tracheal dead space (very long winding trachea), but wider so still get decent O2
mammals have c shaped rings
bronchi branching in birds
- Primary bronchus → Extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary
- Secondary bronchi
- Tertiary bronchi= Parabronchi
where are the air sacs in birds
9 air sacs
* 2 cervical
* Unpaired clavicular
* 4 thoracic
* 2 abdominal
how does ventilation in birds work
inhalation and exhale are both active processes
no diaphragm
inhale: contract muscles cause air sacs to become negative pressure
exhale: pressure in air sacs become positive
where is gas exchange in the bird respiratory system
tertiary bronchi (parabronchi)
total lung volume is less than a mammal but SA for gas exchange ~200% greater with less resistance to gas diffusion & greater parabronchi capillary blood flow
what kind of ET tubes for birds
uncuffed tubes/cole tubes
can also use special bird ET tubes or use IV catheter
if you can’t intubate bird, how else can you control respiratory system
air sac cannulation
ekg of bird will show
very deep QRS- from purkinje fibers type 2B
compare mammal and avian heart
both 4 chamber
bird:
* Larger heart
* Lower heart rate when compared to mammal
* Higher cardiac output
* Larger stroke volumes
* Higher blood pressure
* Higher density of autonomic fibers within atria & ventricles
* deep QRS on EKG
if you give IM into leg of bird when can happen
kidney gets blood from venous blood in legs
if you give IM into leg, may go right to kidney and be eliminated
what is MAC in birds
minimum anesthetic concentration
birds do not have alveoli
how to prevet damage to bird trachea during intubation
tube should not fit tightly
do not inflate tube or inflate very carefully
Overinflated cuff
- Rupture tracheal mucosa and rings
light anesthetic depth for bird
how to do EKG in birds
- Patches not always effective
- Leads attached with hypodermic needles inserted through the prepatagium of each wing and through skin at level of stifle
