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23 spring anesthesia > Test 1: 9 breathing systems > Flashcards

Test 1: 9 breathing systems Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of breathing system

A

O2 in
deliver anesthetic gas
remove CO2
control ventilation

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2
Q

rebreathing system has — flow of gas through the system and does what to CO2

A

unidirection

absorbs

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3
Q

non rebreathing system have — valves and does what to CO2

A

No unidirectional valves

No CO2 absorbent- relys on high FGF to remove CO2

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4
Q

steps of rebreathing system

A
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5
Q

what controls full, partial or non rebreathing system

A

amount of O2 flow and the amount of gas reused

at O2= metabolic demand= full rebreathing, no waste

at O2> metabolic demand, low flow causes less waste

if very high flow rate- non rebreathing system (fan in face)

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6
Q

why do you use low FGF

A

less waste
less environmental contamination
preserves heat

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7
Q

cons of using low FGF

A

decreased anesthetic gas delivery (at same vaporizer setting)

slower changes in anesthetic concentration

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8
Q

fresh gas inlet in circle system leads to a one way valve that opens during —

A

inspiration

allows air in but during exhale is closed so no air goes backwards

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9
Q

what is the dead space in the breathing circuit tubing?

A

the area when inhale and exhale mix (Y piece or before the purple tube)

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10
Q

how to measure reservoir bag

A

1L per 10 kg
(5-10 x TV (10-20 ml/kg))

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11
Q

in circle system that expiratory one way valve leads to the —

A

reservoir bag

valve is open during exhale and closed during inhale (allows unidirectional flow only)

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12
Q

when to open or close the pop off valve

A

always open during spontaneous ventilation (if closed can lead to pneumothorax!)

close to manually breathe for patient

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13
Q

how to rid inhalant safely from circle system

A

vented outside

absorbed by F-air canister (scabvenging system)

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14
Q

carbon dioxide absorbers work by

A

change color(white to pink) and become hard → need to replace

base (absorbent) neutralizes acid (CO2) →H20 + carbonate + heat

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15
Q

types of CO2 absorbents

A

soda lime - most common

baralyme (barium lime)
amsorb (calcium hydroxide lime- nexest)

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16
Q

non rebreathing system rely on — to flush CO2 from circuit

A

↑ fresh gas flow rates (130-300 ml/kg/min)

NO one way valves
NO CO2 absorbent

17
Q

when to use non-rebreathing system

A

small patients < 10 kg

used to decrease dead space and decrease work of breathing

18
Q

how to check for leak in system

A
  1. close the pop-off valve
  2. occlude the end of the hose
  3. pressurize to 20 cm H20
  4. turn off O2 flow
  5. if holds for 10 sec good
  6. if leaks, quantify leak by turning ocygen flowmeter up until leak stops (< 300 ml/min ok)
  7. OPEN THE POP-OFF
19
Q

why use supraglottic airway

A
  • simpler and faster to place
  • less sedation needed to place
  • does not need laryngoscope
  • does not enter the larynx or trachea
  • Must be properly fitted in order to seal well
  • allow to positive pressure ventilation
  • V-gels are vet species specific
20
Q

ET tubes are used to

A
  • provide patent airway
  • allow for positive pressure ventilation (give breaths)
  • protect lungs from aspiration
  • prevent contamination of the work environment
21
Q
A
22
Q

what size ET tube

A

biggest that will fit

length should not extend beyond the throacic inlet (ventilate both lungs)

23
Q

what ET tube can not be kinked closed

A

guarded- metal prevents closing of tube no matter what position

24
Q

how to check pilot balloon on ET tube

A

someone manually ventilates to 20 cmH20

while someone else smells and listens for leaking

25
Q

how to intubate a horse

A

blind

bite block, tongue moved, slid right in

26
Q

how to intubate cow

A

palpation

can stick your hand in and feel for larynx

27
Q

— aid in visulatization of the oropharynx during intubation

A

laryngoscope

miller- straight
macintosh- curved

28
Q

if you can’t see laynx what can be used to help intube

A

wire guided technique

place wire and then slide tube over wire

29
Q

when to use nasotacheal intubation

A

need to operate in mouth

  • provide supplemental O2 to awake or sedated animals
  • inducing foals and calves

use lots of lubricant to prevent damage
extubate carefully: slowly and deliberately

30
Q

retrograde intubation

A

go from trachea out to mouth, then pass ET tube over guide wire

31
Q

tracheostomy

A

when you can’t intube any other way

when pt needs patent airway after surgery

lots of complications- infection, hemorrhage, aspiration

32
Q

how to confirm placement of ET tube

A
  • ETCO2- capnography
  • listen when you give breath
  • movement of reservoir bag when patient is breathing
  • palpate for “one tube”
  • air felt out of tube on exhalation

23 spring anesthesia (40 decks)

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