Test 2: 15 safety

Question 1

what are things that can lead to increased risk of anesthesia deaths

Answer 1

emergency procedures
Older patients
Abnormal Hematocrit
Underweight
Lack of Physical Exam
Failure to document SpO2

Question 2

4 basic ways to make anesthesia safer

Answer 2

education
mitigations
barriers
design (most effective)

Question 3

how do machines try to prevent hypoxemia

Answer 3

pin index safety system- prevent attaching wrong gas

flowmeter- some have minimal flow- always some O2 in system to pt

Question 4

problems with flowmeter

Answer 4

sticky floater
leaks

ways to prevent- minimal O2 flow and minimum O2 ratio (25%)

Question 5

how to prevent inhalant overdose

Answer 5

most machines with multiple vaporizers, only allow for one vaporizer(drug) to be used at a time- prevents giving double dose

MACs are additive

Question 6

ways to reduce electrical shock during surgery

Answer 6

antistatic shoes
grounding plates
isolated circuits- electrical circuit divied into 2 parts to prevent shock

Question 7

how do pt get electrical burns during surgery

Answer 7

poor grounding

electricity will go through pt to any surface that is touching metal

↑ current = ↑ heating and burns

Question 8

4 ways pt becomes hypothermic during surgery

Answer 8

• Depressed thermoregulatory center in hypothalamus
• Peripheral vasodilation- less difference between core and periphery= more core heat lost
• Ventilation
• Open Body Cavities

Question 9

what are some consequences of hypothermia on surgery pt

Answer 9

• Mild Hypothermia (36°C) minimal consequences
• Increased risk of anesthetic overdose
• Prolonged recovery
• Increased shivering during recovery
• Post-op healing impairment
• Impaired Coagulation
• Arrhythmias

Question 10

Risk of burns & tissue injury if temp
>—

Answer 10

45°C

Actual Temperature depends on rate of arrival & removal from area

Worse if vasoconstricted/ Shock

Question 11

thermal burns from heating devices is worse if — or in —

Answer 11

vasoconstricted/ shock

less blood to area= less movement of heat away form area

Actual Temperature depends on rate of arrival & removal from area

Question 12

poor positioning in large animals can lead to

Answer 12

myopathy
neuropathy

need appropriate padding to avoid

Question 13

4 ways to make laser safer

Answer 13

• Use lowest FiO 2 possible- helium O2 or medical air- 30-40% O2
• Cover ETT with saline soaked sponges
• Fill ETT cuff with saline- if ETT breaks will release saline and put out fire
• Avoid use of flammable prep solutions, drying agents, oil-based lubricants

Question 14

what can cause MRI burns

Answer 14

metals

• EKG cables
• transdermal patches (fentanyl may have metal particles in them)

Question 15

what are some problems the checklist help with

Answer 15

correct pt, operation and site
safe anesthesia (pusle ox and machine working)
AB given?
teamwork