Test 2: 25 case discussion

Question 1

We want to anesthetize this 10 kg dog. You want to ventilate this dog throughout the procedure.

With what Tidal Volume (Vt ) do you want to ventilate this dog?

Answer 1

bodyweight x 10 ml
10 kg x 10 ml=100 ml

Question 2

What formula would you use to calculate the Minute Ventilation for 10 kg dog?

Answer 2

RR x tidal volume

RR x (bodyweight x 10ml)

10 kg dog dog

10 br/min x (100)= 1000 ml/min

Question 3

How could you measure to be sure that the set minute ventilation is correct?

Answer 3

spirometer: pitot or wrights

capnography

Question 4

What is the capnograph measuring?

Answer 4

CO2 concentration in exhale

Question 5

two types of capnographs, which one is better

Answer 5

mainstream- more accurate, but breaks easily

sidestream- delay, less acurrate

Question 6

Answer 6

obstruction
tube or bronchus

Question 7

how does capnograph work

Answer 7

A better way of assessing sufficient ventilation is measuring the expiratory CO2 concentration (ETCO2) as an indicator for the arterial CO2 concentration. This can be performed using a capnograph/using capnography. Capnographs usually work on the principle that CO2 absorbs infrared radiation. A beam of infrared light is passed across the gas sample to fall on a sensor. The presence of CO2 in the gas leads to a reduction in the amount of light falling on the sensor, which changes the voltage in a circuit. The analysis is rapid and accurate.

Question 8

Answer 8

cardiac arrest

Question 9

Hypoxemia is one of the most common complications during general anesthesia. How can you treat hypoxemia during general anesthesia?

Answer 9

increase O2

improve malperfusion: drugs that cause vasodilation- ace and dobutamine, inhaled NO or albuterol

improve ventilation: reverse trendelenburg, increase PEEP, alveolar recruitment

Question 10

what is wrong? how can you fix it?

blood gas of colic on pregnant mare

Answer 10

PaCO2 very high- >60= hypoventilation

plan: ventilate for her- increase RR

Question 11

what is wrong?

colic surgery horse

Answer 11

hypoxemia- atelectasis

SaO2 is too low, calculated value

shifting of ventilation from dorsal to central

Question 12

What are risks of using an alveolar recruitment and PEEP in cardiovascularly compromised Patients?

Answer 12

decrease in systemic venous return

high intrathroacic pressure:
decrease in cardiac preload
increase in after load

low cardiac output/ low BP