TEST 2: Skeletal Muscle Flashcards
How many fiber types are within a single motor units?
All fibers within a motor unit receive the same stimulation patterns, so all fibers within a single motor unit are of a SINGLE FIBER TYPE
Type I
ST: Slow Oxidative (SO)- Red
- 50% of fibers in average muscle
- Peak tension in 110 ms
Type II
FTa: Intermediate Fast Twitch a- Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG)- Fast Fatigue Resistant
FTx: Fast Glycolytic (FG)- Fast Fatigueable
Characteristics of Fibers
- Myosine ATPase isozyme
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- Power
- Alpha Motor Neuron Cell Body Size
- # of fibers per motor unit
- Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Myosin ATPase isozyme
Staining.
Slow Twitch-Dark
Fast Twitch-Light
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
More developed. More Calcium. Slow Twitch Poor
Power
- Fast Twitch fibers generate more force per x-secional area
- P = F x V
- FT power is 3-5x that of ST
Alpha Motor Neuron Cell Body Size
- Slow Twitch Fibers have a-motor neurons with small cell bodies
- Fast Twitch fibers have alpha motor neurons with large cell bodies
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Slow Twitch- good aerobically (oxidatively)
- more capillaries/ fiber, myoglobin, mitochondria, & triglycerides
- better endurance
Fast Twitch- better anareobically
-fatigue easily
Fiber Type Differentiation
- Geners determine which alpha motor neurons innervate which fibers, but after innervation is established, differentiation occurs according to firing patterns of alpha motor neurons
- Differentiation of fiber types seems to mostly have occurred by birth and changes little from childhood to middle age
Training and Fiber Type Shifts
- recent research shoes that over years training, small shifts in fiber types can occur
- few % change over many years of training
- both endurance and resistance training have been showsn to reduce the %FTx fibers while increasing the %FTa fibers
Fiber Type Shifts in Elderly
In elderly, fiber type distributions change. With age, muscles tend to lose FT motor units, resulting in greater % ST.
- Sarcopenia
- Coincides with losses of speed, power, and strength
Sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass and strength associated with agin
- 10% of loss 25-50 years
- 40% of loss 50-80 years
Low vs. High Force
Low Force- Motor Units with lowest numbers recruited first
High Force- Motor units with higher number are then added
___% recruitment with maximal voluntary effort
50-70