TEST 2: Nervous System Organization

Question 1

In CNS, tracts or nerves?

Answer 1

Tracts

Question 2

In PNS, tracts or nerves?

Answer 2

Nerves

Question 3

Afferent

Answer 3

Signals go up

Question 4

Efferent

Answer 4

Signals go down

Question 5

How many Neurons do we have?

Answer 5

more than 100 billion

Question 6

new neurons?

Answer 6

Yes, in the hippocampus

Question 7

repair neurons?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

Corpus Callosum

Answer 8

pathway that connects left and right half of the brain
L-controls R side of the body (analytical/scientific)
R-controls L side of the body (creative)

Question 9

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 9

• Gray Matter
• Frontal Lobe
• Temporal Lobe
• Patietal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe

Question 10

Frontal Lobe

Answer 10

general intellect and motor control
Prefrontal Cortex: Higher cognitive functions

PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX

• Map of Body
• Corticopinal Tracts: cell bodies in primary motor cortex (pyramidal cells), axons form it
• Conscious Control of Skeletal Muscle

Question 11

Temporal Lobe

Answer 11

Hippocampus: Forms and Stores Memories and Involved in learning

• converts short term memory to long term
• spatial navigation
• Alzhemier’s Disease
• Amnesia

Amygdala

• Memory consolidation
• Decision Making
• Emotional Learning
• Amygdala changes associated with many psychological disorders

Question 12

Parietal Lobe

Answer 12

Primary Sensory Cortex: all sensory input and interpretation flows through here

Question 13

Occipital Lobe

Answer 13

Vision: Visual input and Interpretation

Question 14

Cerebral Medulla

Answer 14

• Inner Portions
• White Matter
• Basal Ganglia

Question 15

Basal Ganglia

Answer 15

• Action Selection
• “brake hypothesis”
• Deficits result in either the presence of extraneous unwanted movements or an absence or difficulty with intended movements
• –Huntington’s and Parkinson’s Disease

Question 16

Diencephalon

Answer 16

Thalamus: sensory integrator
-receives all sensory input (except smell) and relays to primary sensory cortex

Hypothalamus
-maintains homeostasis

Question 17

Cerebellum

Answer 17

COORDINATION
-coordinates timing of motor activities rapid progression from one movement to the next, and intensity of activity

ATAXIA
-lack of muscle coordination

SAME SIDE CONTROL
-due to double crossing tracts

Question 18

Brain Stem

Answer 18

• Nerves cross at medulla
• Origin of 10 to 12 pairs of cranial nerves
• Vegatative functions
• Analgesia System
• RAS

Question 19

Analgesia System

Answer 19

• Enkephalins and B-endorphins: opiate like neurotransmitters that act on opiate receptors to reduce pain
• Endurance exercise increase levels of opiates
• “Runner’s High”

Question 20

RAS

Answer 20

works with all the other parts of CNS to control muscle activity
-overall alertness and ability to direct attention

Question 21

Spinal Cord

Answer 21

Inner-gray

Outer-white

Question 22

Parasympathetic

Answer 22

Housekeeping

Question 23

Sympathetic

Answer 23

Fight or Flight