Test 2 Lecture October 17 Flashcards
The Late Austrias: From Philip III to Charles II (brief review)
Three Kings (Philip III, Philip IV (absolute monarchy), Charles II), Very Different Personalities
The age of the “validos” (favorites)
Military Hegemony (16th Century-Early 17th Century) and Military decline (mid-17th Century-Early 18th Century)
A recipe for (financial) disaster: inflation, high taxes, and population loss
The attempts at reform during the 17th Century
The Union of Arms and the rebellion of Catalonia and Portugal
The consolidation of Catholic Spain: The expulsion of the moriscos
Charles II and The end of the Habsburgh dynasty in Spain
The War of Spanish Succession: Some Key Points
Charles II (son of Philip III), a.k.a. the Bewithched, died without heirs
The Royal Testament
Europe and Spain, divided:
The Peace of Utrech (1714):
explain Charles II (son of Philip III), a.k.a. the Bewithched, died without heirs
The result of inbreeding
The War of Spanish Succession: explain The Royal Testament
–Both the King of France Louis XIV (Bourbon) and the Holy Roman Emperor (Leopold I) have dynastic rights to the throne of Spain – After much hesitation King Charles II names Philip of Anjou (grandson of Louis XIV) heir to the throne and not Archduke Charles of Austria
The War of Spanish Succession: explain Europe and Spain, divided (who should be the rightful heir?)
Castile accepts Philip of Anjou as King Philip V – Valencia and Aragon (including Catalonia) join the cause of the Archduke against Philip V- Portugal, England, and Austria oppose the designation and support the dynastic rights of the Archduke Charles against Philip of Anjou and Louis XIV
The War of Spanish Succession: explain The Peace of Utrech (1714):
Philp V was recognized as the King of Spain, but renounces his rights to the French throne
England keeps the control of Gibraltar and the island of Minorque, occupied during the war
English merchants obtain the right to the slave trade in Spanish America
Portugal American possessions occupied by Spain during the war are returned
The Spanish Low countries, Milan and Cerdeña become Austrian possessions (Spain would later regain the Italian possessions, but not those in the Low Countries
Spain gets to keep its American and Asian possessions
The territories that supported Archduke Carlos (Valencia and Aragon including Catalonia) lost their ancient rights, laws and institutions and were placed directly under Royal supervision
The peace of Utrech and the Bourbon Reforms: the birth of what
a dynasty
The peace of Utrech and the Bourbon Reforms started with who and who is reigning now
then and today (I): From Felipe V (1683-1746) to Felipe VI (1968-today)
has the peace of Utrech and the Bourbon Reforms dynasty been disrupted
This dynastic line only disrupted/ removed only a handful of times between 1711 and 2016: French invasion (1808-1814), First Spanish Republic (1873-1874), Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939)
During the Franco regime (a dictator? who had taken over at one point) was spain recognized as a kingdom
Spain was recognized as a kingdom (in 1947), but the King was not assigned government responsibilities
Bourbon monarchs reigned as absolute monarchs until when
the 19th Century – Their power was limited in the 19th Century
How did the bourbon monarch reign
Absolute monarchy!
Constitutional Monarchy and a Parliamentary Democracy – This form of government was overwhelmingly ratified by Spaniards in referendum in 1976 with a 77.72% participation rate and 94% of voters in favor (participation was significantly lower in some Basque provinces)
support for the bourbon monarchy decreased after what
after the financial crisis of 2008 – The Catalan crisis affected the image of the monarchy in Catalonia, but has strengthened it in the rest of the State with the exception of the Basque Country
The peace of Utrech and the Bourbon Reforms, then and today (II): The Catalan Diada
what is The Catalan Diada
celebrated annually on 11 September
It commemorates the 1714 siege of Barcelona by Philip V troops and the lost of the ancient rights and institutions of the Principality of Catalonia recognized by the Crown of Aragon and under the Habpsburg kings
began to be celebrated in 1886, during the period known as the Catalan Renaixença (Renaissance) -strong links to Catalan nationalism and identity
Since the restoration of democracy in Spain, the date is celebrated as the National Day of Catalonia
For most of the last 30 years the Diada has been a celebration of Catalan Identity and the recuperation of the Catalan political institutions
It became a potent symbol of the pro-Catalan independence movement since the political and financial crisis of 2006 and 2008 and in the run to the 2017 (unconstitutional) referendumbegan to be celebrated in 1886, during the period known as the Catalan Renaixença (Renaissance) -strong links to Catalan nationalism and identity
Since the restoration of democracy in Spain, the date is celebrated as the National Day of Catalonia
For most of the last 30 years the Diada has been a celebration of Catalan Identity and the recuperation of the Catalan political institutions
It became a potent symbol of the pro-Catalan independence movement since the political and financial crisis of 2006 and 2008 and in the run to the 2017 (unconstitutional) referendum
The peace of Utrech and the Bourbon Reforms, then and today (III): The Status of Gibraltar what is it
In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne.
The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. There were later attempts in the 18th Century to retake the territory but it has been an English overseas territory since then.
The traditional Spanish position is based on territorial integrity, as per UN Resolution 1514 (XV) (1960), which according to Spain complements and constrains the right to self-determination: “Any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.”
Gibraltar argues that the Spanish claims are baseless, pointing to the right toself-determinationof all peoples, guaranteed and enshrined by the UN, according to the UN Charter. Gibraltar belongs to the people of Gibraltar and is neither Spain’s to claim or Britain’s to give away
The UK has historically rejected the devolution of the territory. It still refuses to do so unless it has the explicit approval of the people of Gibraltar.
The UN considers Gibraltar a Non-Self-Governing Territory.
