Test 2 Lecture October 10 Flashcards
Philip II: Brief Review: what did he inherit
Inherits all of his father’s (Charles I) possessions except those linked to the Holy Roman Empire
who was the main threat for Phillip II
France continues to be seen as the main threat – The alliance with England collapses after the death of his wife, Queen Mary I of England
what were the main strategic areas for fighting under Phillip II
The Low Countries and Northern Italy become the main strategic areas in the fight for political and religious supremacy in Europe – A huge part of the Royal Treasury resources are used to this end
Philip II becomes King of Portugal in 1578 after the death of Sebastian I - The dynastic union between Spain and Portugal places the Iberian Peninsula where
again under one king and creates one of the world’s biggest empires
The need to administer such a vast empire and to affirm the supremacy of the Spanish Crown over both the Church and the high Nobility led to the creation of what (Under Phillip II)
Madrid as the empire capital
The Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial is built where and why is it important (Phillip II)
north of Madrid as the most important religious and political symbol of the Spanish Monarchy
Phillip II’s reign is marked by what
huge military victories (St Quentin, Lepanto) and defeats (the invasion of England)
what happened with the spanish inquisition under Phillip II
institutionalized – Through it, the Spanish Monarchy is able to control political and ideological dissent
what was Philip III (1578-1621) nickname
the Pious
what did Philip III inherit
Inherits all of his father’s possessions including Portugal - Becomes King in 1598
define valido
favourite
who becomes Phillip III’s valido
The Duke of Lerma
who did Phillip III expel
Expulsion of the moriscos (former Muslim’s who had converted to Christianity, but who lived separately in their own towns, especially in Southern Spain)
why were the moriscos expelled
Rebellion
Fear
profit and Dogmatism
what was the rebellion that contributed o the expulsion of the moriscos
A rebellion of this segment of the population took place in 1568-1571 (Rebellion of the Alpujarras) - [against the attempt at limiting Morisco practices: language, clothing, public baths, religious ceremonies, etc.]
what was the fear that contributed o the expulsion of the moriscos
Fear of the expansion of the Ottoman empire and a possible collaboration with Muslim forces – Remember: the Battle of Lepanto took place in 1571
what was the profit and Dogmatism that contributed o the expulsion of the moriscos
The Duke of Lerma, Phillip III’s favorite, and the Queen were the main architects of the expulsion – Lerma had to gain financially – The Queen did so based on the religious ideals of a purely Catholic Spain
what were the consequences of the expulsion of moriscos
In 1609, about 270,000 ”moriscos” were expelled – around 3-4% of the Spanish total population – Disastrous economic consequences – It is estimated that around 30,000to 90,000 were able to return
what was the conflict with england and the dutch under Phillip III
Conflict with England and the Dutch (followed by a truce in 1604 and 1609 that lasted until 1618) – Spain enters the 30-years War (1618-1648)
what was Phillip III Initial attempts at reforming the tax structure and the economy
Castile carried 65% of total imperial costs by 1616 and provides most of the men