Final - November 19 - Viceregal Society and Urban Culture: New Spain Flashcards
City vs Countryside
Idealistic point of view of cities as places of order, education, religion
Religious, State, power and moral separated?
no
concentrated authority, of governmental, religious, and commercial power is where
in the city
did Indigenous communities and self governing village servive
tradition and languages survived. Until today
what are Haciendas, Fincas, Obrajes and Talleres de artesanos
craft workshops
Daily Life in Viceregal Society (full slide)
Cultural exchange through food and commodities. American products (chocolate. Tomato, potato, chili pepper); European (pork, chicken); Asia (rice)
The case of Pulque
Sanitation and medical practices. Diseases and mortality rates.
Urban, privileged society
Development of leisure activities. Elite vs popular
Poetry, theater, music
Bullfight, cockfight
Music
Conversion for indigenous people (XVI century) as part of different religious festivities and rituals
Different instruments, both from the indigenous and European tradition (flautas, chirimías, corns, trumpets, guitars, monochords, vihuelas) Then Organ as official religious instrument
XVII Century: Music for different purposes. Religious: carols, Kiries
Mixture of different traditions (indigenous, African, European from Medieval, Renascence, and Baroque tradition)
Profane music: Contradanzas, sones, jaranas.
Social dimension of music
Every-day life of social groups
Sometimes, censored by the Inquisition
As sound elements in daily-life
Pregonero (crier)
Bell tower
Music for other purposes: collecting garbage
Painting
Painting and relation to the Catholic Church
Mural painting in convents (XVI Century) made by tlacuilos (escribes, not professional painters)
1557: regulation of “ordenanzas de pintores y doradores” (ordinance for painters and doradores). Painting not a common work. Not for indigenous people, but for those with status and instruction
Professional “Ensambladores”. Different social status
Influence of painting from Europe. Different topics and technics
Influence of Flemish artists
1781 Academia de San Carlos de Bellas Artes
Examples: Juan Correa, Miguel Cabrera (Casta Paintings)
Cultural and scientific production in Viceregal society (New Spain)
Ordenanza (Ordinance) for education. Men: Maestros de barrios (Teachers of neighborhoods) Education for women: Recogimientos para mujeres and casas amigas
Real y Pontificia Universidad de México in 1551.
Creole demand of education in New Spain. Based on the models of universities such as Salamanca, Bolonia and Paris
The role of the Print press in the continent (1539)
Juan Pablo de Bresca, first printer in New Spain (Postcortes Codex)
Books production and circulation. Different books such as grammars, religious books, and secular books
Produced both in America and in Spain
Reception of different works from Europe (Cervantes, Mateo Alemán, and other authors like Góngora, etc.)
Censorship and the role of the Inquisition
Science and Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora
1645-1700 New Spain (Mexico)
Scientific and writer
1672 Astrology and Math chair
Manifiesto filosófico contra los cometasAstrology vs astronomy (Eusebio Kino, jesuit)
Libra astronomica y philosophica (Copérnico, Galileo, Descartes, Kepler y Tycho Brahe)
Infortunios que Alonso Ramírez natural de la ciudad de S. Juan de Puerto Rico padeció… en poder de ingleses piratas
Literature
Baroque literature
Different topics: dualities and oppositions: feelings vs reason, knowledge vs ignorance, heaven vs hell
Philosophical topics, life, moral, erudition, mythology
Genres: theater, poetry, essay (though letters)
Bernardo de Balbuena (1562-1627) Grandeza mexicana (poetry, in honor to the capital of New Spain)
Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (1580-1639) Theatre: comedies. Studies in Spain, Salamanca. Represented in Madrid. La verdad sospechosa and El anticristo. Complex identity
Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora. Infortunios de Alonso Ramirez. Alboroto y Motin
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651-1695)
Juana de Asbaje
Importance as icon of literature in Mexican Colonial Period, as intellectual and for women’s early writing and thought
Creole, but illegitimate child
Self-taught
Convent of Saint Jeronimo, became a nun
Patronage: doña María Luisa Manrique de Lara y Gonzaga, marquesa de la Laguna y condesa de Paredes
Controversy: Manuel Fernández de Santa Cruz (Sor Filotea) and Francisco de Aguiar y Seijas
Writing: baroque stylistics, classical rhetoric, natural sciences . Possible reading of Descartes. Egyptian mythology
Production of theater, poetry, essays
Part of the cultural and intellectual sphere
Respuesta a Sor Filotea Answer to Sor Filotea
Works: First Dream and Neptuno Alegórico
Marginal figure both in social and religious world
Plague
Interpretation from 21st Century (feminism)
Sor Juana’s Sonnet
Silly, you men-so very adeptat wrongly faulting womankind,not seeing you’re alone to blamefor faults you plant in woman’s mind. After you’ve won by urgent pleathe right to tarnish her good name,you still expect her to behave—you, that coaxed her into shame.
