Test 1 neuro Flashcards
Collection of nerve cell bodies outside of cns?
Ganglion
Cns- nucleus is ____ matter?
Tract is _____ matter?
Nuc is gray matter- collection of neuron cell bodies
Tract is white matter- collection of nerve fibers / connects nuclei
Cervical spinal cord
Large amount of white matter….small amount of grey matter… Large and oval
Thoracic spinal cord
Oval shaped… Sm thn cervical… Have lateral horns( part of autonomic ns)…
Lumbar spinal cord
Largest amount of grey area since supplying efferently more muscles
Anterior/posterior radicular arteries supply _____
Nerve roots
Corticospinal tract origin
All motor areas…
Per motor , supplementary, primary motor cortices
Corticospinal tract function
Fractionation of movement esp hand( lateral)
Control of neck shoulder nd trunk muscles( med)
Lateral Pathways control the activation of movement
Where does corticospinal tract decussates?
Level of medulla
Rubrospinal tract origin
Red nucleus of midbrain
Rubrospinal tract projects to…
LMMs innervating upper limb flexors
Rubrospinal tract decussates
In midbrain…
Descends through pons medulla and lateral spinal cord
Corticobulbar tract origin
Arises in motor areas of cerebral cortex
Corticobulbar tract projects to …
Cranial nuclei in brainstem
Corticobulbar tract function
Facilitate LMNs innervating muscles of face, tongue, pharynx and larynx, traps and scm
Lateral reticulospinal tract origin
Lateral reticular formation of brainstem
Lateral reticulospinal tracts desends _______.
Bilaterally
Lateral reticulospinal tracts receive input from?…
Cerebral cortex
Lateral reticulospinal tract function.?…
Typically facilitates flexor muscles, while inhibiting extensor motor neurons( reversed for ambulation)
Medial reticulospinal tract originates?.
Pontine reticular formation
Medial reticulospinal tract function?
Facilitates ipsilateral LMNs innervating postural muscles and limb extensors
Wind Up and Throwing requires the reticulospinal tracts to be involved to coordinate activation deactivation of antigravity reflexes
Vestibulospinal tract function
Responds to stimuli from the vestibular apparatus
Lateral vs tract
Facilitates extensors and inhibits flexors
Medial vs tract
Controls neck and upper back muscles
Tectospinal tract origin
Midbrain —- superior colliculus — which receives direct input from the retina and projections from visual cortex
Tectospinal tract function
Directs head movements toward novel visual and auditory stimuli
Brain stem neurons send signals to keep the pitchers eyes in the target, while the head and body are in motion (vs and tectospinal tracts)
Tectospinal tract course
Superior colliculus occipital lobe
Crosses at tectobulbospinal junction
Travels with vestibulospinal tract ending cervical region
Pyramidal cells … Two types
Betz in cns
Dendritic spines
Projects axons outside of it
Stellate nonpyramidal
Mostly receives info from other cortical structures
Aca supply
Medial surface frontal and parietal lobes
Mca supply
Internal capsul Globus pallidus Putamen Caudate Lat ham
Pca supply
Midbrain , occipital lobe, portions of medial and inferior temporal lobes
•Go
–Motor cortex (area M1) sends executing signal to LMNs to perform the movement.
•Set
–Supplementary and Premotor areas – movement strategies devised and held until executed
Ready
–Depends on activation of parietal and frontal lobes (attention and alertness
•Runner on first steals second – pitchers head turns toward new stimulus (what tract?….)
(Tectospinal Tract
What cells are the only cells that carry output info for the cerebellar cortex
Perkinje
GABA neurotransmitter is ______?
Inhibitory
Superior cerebellar peduncle carries ______ infor from cerebellum… Whereas the middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles carry _____.
Output
Input
•Tracts Interrupted –Ascending Spinothalamic –Descending Motor Tracts •Lateral Corticospinal •Medial Corticospinal •Rubrospinal •Reticulospinal •Vestibulospinal
What syndrome is this?
Anterior
Issues diaphragm and down!
•Typically see at Cervical Level
–Spinothalamic Tract invloved as fibers cross at the level of lesion
What syndrome ?
Central cord syndrome
•Losses Ipsilateral to lesion –Loss of LMNs –All Sensations •Below Lesion –Voluntary motor control –Conscious Proprioception (Dorsal Column) –Discriminative Touch (Dorsal Column)
•Pain and Temperature lost Contralaterally (Spinothalamic Tract)
Which syndrome?
Brown-sequard syndrome
Choroid plexus produces?
Csf
Brodmans area for somatosensory cortex
3 , 1 2
Brodman s area for premotor cortex?
6
Brodman s area for frontal eye fields
8
Crossed extension circuit
When the reflex occurs the flexors in the withdrawing limb contract and the extensors relax, while in the other limb, the opposite occurs.
Only type of neuron cell that projects cells outside of it?
Pyramidal
What serves as a relay center for sensory input into the cerebellum?
Inferior olive
