test 1 fourth quarter Flashcards
the freedom and desire to be free from something or freedom to do something
liberalism
the principle or practice of preserving established traditions or institutions and opposing changes in them
conservatism
people who helped others stand firmly on the fundamentals of biblical truth
fundamentalists
a form of socialism that exercises totalitarian control
fascism
form of socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind
communism
a form of socialism that relies on terrorist aggression, fanatical racism, and anti-democratic nationalism
Nazism
“lightning war”, a fast, heavy assault by motorized forces (tanks) and air power
blitzkrieg
the strategy to only invade important islands to establish air and naval bases
island hopping
weapon used to end WWII
atomic bomb
largest research and scientific effort of its day that created the atomic bomb
the Manhattan Project
permissive teaching atmosphere that allowed children to “follow their animal instincts” and to practice “self-expression”
progressive education
Hitler’s government/goal
Third Reich
suicide bombers
Kamikaze
the horrible slaughter of over 6 million Jews that were systematically murdered by the Nazis between 1934 and 1945
Holocaust
terrible places where the Jews were held during the war who were treated with cruelty
concentration camps
a new permanent world peace organization established after WWII
United Nations
Japan, Germany, and Italy were known as _______
the Axis Powers
March 1941, Congress granted the president the right to sell, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of war materials to any nations whose defense he held to be vital to American security
Lend-Lease Act
the policy of giving in to the demands of aggressors or taking no action
appeasement
philosophy that an idea or an action should be judged solely by its results, regardless of any moral or Scriptural considerations
pragmatism
the modernist’s mission; the church’s mission as one of social reform and political action
the “Social Gospel”
another name for religious liberalism; the desire to be free from absolute standards and morals, especially those of the Scriptures
modernism
one of the most popular modernists who supported the social gospel; one of the most radical religious liberals who openly attacked the Bible and its doctrines, preaching sermons entitled “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” and “The Peril of Worshipping Jesus”
Harry Emerson Fosdick
man who supervised a YMCA camp during WWI and wrote My Utmost for His Highest
Oswald Chambers
evangelist born in a wagon who became one of the most famous revival preachers in the world
Rodney “Gipsy” Smith
converted baseball star who became an evangelist and reached about 100 million people
Billy Sunday
artist known for practicing cubism in his paintings
Pablo Picasso
science-fiction author who overlooked Stalin’s brutality and praised how “good” he was
H. G. Wells
author who wrote books about anti-American industries and charged them with being “oppressors” of common workers
Upton Sinclair
Christian author known for The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings who taught people to long for truth and goodness
J. R. R. Tolkien
one of the best-known conservative writers of the day who wrote The Chronicles of Narnia, The Screwtape Letters, Perelandra, etc.
C. S. Lewis (Christian author)
economic disaster in the U.S. where the stock market crashed on October 29, 1929 during “Black Tuesday” and several people lost everything
the Great Depression
prominent Austrian psychiatrist known for psychoanalysis (says that subconscious physical drives or irrational fears determine a man’s actions)
Sigmund Freud
man who developed behavioral psychology (denies man’s sinful nature by reducing man to the status of an animal or machine)
Ivan Pavlov
taught that all man can do is take a “leap of faith” into the darkness of the “great unknown” in the hope of achieving some kind of reality
Soren Kierkengaard (existentialism)
existentialist who based his ideas on his declaration “God is dead”; said that without God there is no absolute values except “the will to power” and that whoever exercised the “will to power” would be free to create his own morals and reality and impose it upon others
Friedrich Nietzsche
Italy’s leader who organized the Fascist Party
Benito Mussolini
Germany’s leader who installed the National Socialist German Workers’ Party
Adolf Hitler (“Nazis”)
militarist leader of Japan who wasn’t the emperor but held the power
General Hideki Tojo
in 1931, before the war began, Japan invaded ____ and seized it from China, starting the pre-war aggression
Manchuria
leader of the Nationalist Chinese government who was forced to move the capital of China to Chungking; was fighting in a civil war against the Chinese Communists like Mao Tse-tung
Chiang Kai-shek
agreement that gave Germany Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) in an attempt of stopping war
Munich Pact
“Father of Modern Conservatism”
Edmund Burke
the invasion of ______ began WWII
Poland
World War II began on _______
September 3, 1939
Norwegian traitor who was installed as the head of the Nazi puppet government
Vidkun Quisling
port that the Nazis attempted to invade but were held back by the British Royal Air Force long enough for more than 300,000 soldiers to be rescued
Dunkirk
Germany’s “Desert Fox” was _____, who led the Afrika Korps
Erwin Rommel
leader of Russia during WWII
Joseph Stalin
the Communists tested their weapons, military tactics, and men at the _____
Spanish Civil War
Japan bombed this American base, bringing the U.S. into WWII
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)
the prime minister of Great Britain who helped keep strong morale
Winston Churchill
small zone of France not under German control
Vichy
Allied invasion of Vichy French Northwest Africa
Operation Torch
leaders of Operation Torch
Dwight D. Eisenhower and George S. Patton
U.S. president during part of WWII who died before it ended after getting elected for a 4th term
FDR
the soft underbelly of the Axis was ____
Italy
the largest amphibious assault in history at the beaches of Normandy, France was on ____
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Nazis’ last great offensive in the West
Battle of the Bulge
the day war in Europe was over
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
American leader in the Philippines who was trying to prepare them for future Japanese attacks
General Douglas MacArthur (he was forced to leave, but promised to return)
forced walk of 70 miles that Japanese captors forced their prisoners of war to perform, which led to thousands of deaths
Bataan Death March
16 American B-25 bombers flew a raid over Japan, showing that Japan was not safe from the U.S. attacks
Doolittle Raid
first naval battle in history in which the opposing vessels did not sight one another
Battle of the Coral Sea
the battle at which the U.S. Navy broke the back of the Japanese fleet
Battle of Midway
one of the greatest battles in history, where the Japanese lost almost all of their remaining ships and planes
Battle of Leyte Gulf
the president of the U.S. who gave permission for the atomic bombs to be dropped
Harry S. Truman
the two Japanese city that were hit by atomic bombs to end WWII
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
day the Japanese surrendered and WWII ended
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
