chapter 26 partially quiz Flashcards
location where more concrete plans for the UN were drawn up
Dumbarton Oaks
where did the first official meeting of the UN general assembly take place
London, on January 10, 1946
three parts of the United Nations
- General Assembly (all member states)
- Security Council (U.S., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, China and 10 elected members)
- Secretariat (secretary-general and his under-secretaries)
head of Communist Russia’s delegation
Andrei Gromyko
official at the U.S. State Department who was later implicated as a spy for the Soviet Union
Alger Hiss
war not fought with military weapons but with words, diplomacy, and ideology
“Cold War”
sides of the Cold War
the “free world” (U.S.) vs the “Communist bloc” (Soviet Union)
new nations in the Cold War that were being won over through financial aid and other assistance
“Third World”
nations “independent” but really under the dominance of another
satellite nations
spies in America convicted of treason in 1951 and executed in 1953 for passing vital information to Russian agents
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (info about the atomic bomb)
director of Britain’s nuclear research program who was convicted in 1950 for supplying Moscow with a top-secret trigger mechanism that would detonate the atomic bomb
Klaus Fuchs
man who exposed much Communist activity in the State Department, but was criticized
Joseph P. McCarthy
name Churchill gave the tyranny and oppression that had descended upon the nations of Eastern Europe
“iron curtain”
Soviet-dominated puppet governments created by Communists
people’s republics (Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia)
Soviet-occupied side of Germany
East Germany
policy of containment that stated the U.S. would aid any free nation to resist Communist aggression
the Truman Doctrine ($400 million)
program that allowed the U.S. to lend money to provided massive economic assistance to rebuild Europe after WWII
Marshall Plan ($20 billion)
program in one side of Berlin that helped them survive by flying transport planes in with food and other supplies
Berlin Airlift (1948-1949 in West Berlin)
group formed in 1949 to provide mutual consultation and defense whenever one of its members was threatened by Communism
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
a “defensive” military alliance of Eastern Europe to counter NATO
Warsaw Pact
_____ was formed in 1958 to help the nations of Western Europe cooperate more closely
European Economic Community (EEC)
Russian leader after Stalin who “de-Stalinized Russia”
Nikita Khrushchev (he called for a “peaceful coexistence”)
dictator of Yugoslavia who established his own form of Communism and revolted from Soviet control successfully
Marshal Tito (only Yugoslavia and Poland were successful)
symbol of Soviet oppression in Eastern Europe
Berlin Wall (built 1961)
first time in history that a wall was built to keep people inside their own country rather than to keep enemies out
Berlin Wall
leader of West Germany who provided leadership for them to recover
Konrad Adenauer (Chancellor of West Germany)
leader of the Free French Republic and post WWII leader, creator of the Fifth Republic
Charles de Gaulle
leader of France after de Gaulle
Francois Mitterand (socialist)
conservative statesman who aided the slow recovery of Italy
Alcide De Gasperi
terrorist groups known for kidnapping and murdering Italian premier Aldo Moro in 1978
Red Brigades
Nationalist leader of Spain during WWII
Francisco Franco
Spain’s leader after Franco who was moderate and democratic
Juan Carlos
in China
1. leader of the Nationalists
2. leader of the Communists
- Chiang Kai-Shek
- Mao Tse-tung
U.S. general sent to arrange peace in China
George C. Marshall (put arms embargo on Nationalists)
name for China once the world’s most populous nation had been overrun by Communism
People’s Republic of China
1950, Mao’s plan to build China’s industries and agriculture
“Five-Year Plan”
1958, Mao’s plan to have Communist ideology and willpower overcome all obstacles
“The Great Leap Forward”
1966, Mao’s plan to purge all of China of any “counter-revolutionaries” and foreign influences
“The Cultural Revolution”
young people who went on noisy demonstrations and attacked Chinese intellectuals and professionals
Red Guard
next leader of Communist China after Mao
Deng Xiaoping
years of the Korean War
1950-1953
elected leader of North Korea who set up a Communist puppet regime
Kim Il Sung
first president of the Republic of Korea
Syngman Rhee (1948)
line North and South Korea were divided on
38th Parallel
portion of Korea that became Communist
North Korea
supreme commander of all U.S. and UN forces
General Douglas MacArthur
South Korea got pushed back to the ______, which was a boundary
Pusan Perimeter
MacArthur made an “impossible” landing at ______ and recaptured Seoul
Inchon
refusing to use all available military strength to win a complete victory
limited warfare policy
dictator of Cuba in 1934, before the rebellion
Fulgencio Batista
new Communist dictator of Cuba who led a revolution
Fidel Castro
name of Castro’s overthrow of Batista
26th of July Movement
warfare Fidel Castro used
guerrilla warfare
location where Cuban freedom fighters were crushed after President Kennedy cancelled the air support
Bay of Pigs
name for the standoff where the Soviet Union announced it would supply Cuba with arms; U.S. and Soviet Union called an end to the crisis because both sides had weapons
Cuban Missile Crisis
group of Communist revolutionaries who outed President Somaza of Nicaragua in 1979
Sandinistas
Colonel who led Argentina and established a socialist government
Juan Peron
first woman to head a government in the Western Hemisphere in 1974
Isabel Peron
