Chapter 7 Flashcards
two prominent regions of ancient Greece
Attica and Peloponnesus
earliest known European civilization; lived on the island of Crete
Minoans
ancient Greek civilization known for the Palace of King Minos at Knossos
Minoans
lived on mainland Greece; part of Trojan War
Mycenaeans (Homer was part of this group)
Greece fell to the ____ during the Dark Age
Dorians
Writings influenced the Greek religious beliefs and mythology
Homer
Homer’s two most famous writings
Iliad (about Troy) and Odyssey (about Odysseus)
humans given special powers by the gods
heroes
“city-state”
polis
- hilltop fortress
- marketplace
- acropolis
- agora
the first recorded date in recorded Greek history
the first Olympic games (776 B.C.)
battle of the Greco-Persian War where Darius sent his army to attack Athens but the Greeks defeated them
Battle of Marathon
son of Darius
Xerxes I
battle where Xerxes attacked the Greeks to avenge his father with a huge army, and the Spartans held them off for a while, but Xerxes I eventually won
Battle of Thermopylae
first major naval battle in history
Battle of Salamis
Athenian leader that tricked Xerxes into fighting a naval battle
Themistocles
Xerxes’ defeat in Greece was _______
a turning point in world history
form of government that is rule by one
monarchy
rule by “the best”
aristocracy
first people in history to reject one-man rule
Greeks
rule by the few (typically rich)
oligarchy
rule by one man who has seized power by rebellion and insurrection
tyranny
rule by the many
democracy
Greek government’s vicious cycle was ___
democracy to oligarchy to tyranny and repeat
Sparta’s chief accomplishment
Peloponnesian League
strict laws where every offense was punished by death
Draco’s Code
other set of laws that were fair and gave people more freedoms
Solon’s Laws
first tyrant of Athens
Peisistratus
founded Athens’ first library
Peisistratus
Champion of the People
Cleisthenes (from Athens); (practiced ostracism)
brought Athenian democracy to its fullest measure
Pericles
Greek leader that was responsible for the Golden Age of Greece
Pericles
Athens’ alliance that eventually became the Athenian Empire
Delian League
the Peloponnesian War was fought between ____
Athens and Sparta
leader of Athens during the Peloponnesian War
Pericles
____ won the Peloponnesian War
Sparta
defeated Sparta after the Peloponnesian War and the cities of Greece became independent
Thebes
group of people who called themselves Greeks but weren’t accepted by the Greeks
Macedonians
king of Macedonia who gained control of most of Greece
Philip II
Philip II’s son who became king after his father was murdered
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great’s tutor
Aristotle
Alexander the Great’s most lasting accomplishment to world history
spreading Greek culture
Greek philosopher that taught “man is the measure of all things”
Protagoras
introduced fables, short stories to teach a moral
Aesop
two forms of Greek drama
tragedies and comedies
wrote Oedipus Rex and Antigone (two famous Greek tragedies)
Sophocles
- introduced geometry concepts
- recognized atoms
- “Father of Medicine”
- Pythagoras
- Democritus
- Hippocrates
“lover of wisdom”
philosopher
believed that there were no absolute truths
Sophists (Relativists)
“Know thyself”
Socrates
ultimate foundational truths
absolutes
Written philosophy (dialogues); attempted to find an explanation for the obvious order, design, and purpose in the universe
Plato
Concluded that the order of the universe must have come from God
Aristotle
Time from Alexander the Great (323 BC) to the Roman Conquest of Egypt (30 BC)
Hellenistic Age
Founded Stoicism
Zeno
Emphasized indulgence of one’s bodily appetites and physical pleasures of life
Epicurus
