Chapter 11 Flashcards
- “servant”
- “overseers”
- deacon
- bishops
first Christian church
Jerusalem Church
“universal” or “one”
Catholic
______ became the most prominent Christian church
Church of Rome
declared every church must agree with the church of Rome
Iranaeus
the belief that apostolic authority could be passed on from leader to leader
apostolic succession
idea that Christ founded his church on Peter and Peter passed on his position to the Bishop of Rome
Petrine theory
supreme leader of the Roman Church
pope (“papa”)
first recognized pope
Pope Leo I
pope responsible for the “Two Swords” doctrine, which separated church and state
Pope Gelasius I
first medieval pope
Pope Gregory I
pope who said “every creature to be subject to the Roman Church is altogether necessary for salvation”
Pope Boniface VII
means grace, humanistic plan of salvation based on man’s works
sacraments
to be cut off from the church
excommunication
the bread and wine of the Lord’s supper literally became the body and blood of Christ in the hands of the priest
transubstantiation
deceased Christians officially recognized by the church as holy
Saints
the act of transferring good works form the “treasury of merit” for a fee
indulgences
an in between place where people wait before being fit for heaven
purgatory
the Latin translation of the Bible
Vulgate
translated the Bible from Latin to English
John Wycliffe
translated the Bible for the people of the Alps
Peter Waldo
- forbade anyone except a clergyman to possess a copy of the Bible
- year this was done
- Council of Toulouse
- 1229
practice of withdrawing from society to live in solitude
monasticism
people who practiced monasticism and the women who did
monks and nuns
earliest monks who lived in the wilderness
hermit
abstinence from marriage
celibacy
perch alone atop a stone pillar for 37 years
Simeon Stylites
religious communities isolated from the rest of society
monasteries
- the religious rules of monasteries
- the head of the monastery
- orders
- abbot
an Italian monk who founded a monastery at Monte Cassino
Benedict
a new kind of monk who also preached and did missionary work outside the monastery
friars (Franciscans and Dominicans)
the most dominant Germanic tribe after the collapse of the Roman Empire
the Franks
- the first great Frankish leader
- he professed his Christianity in ______
- Clovis
- 498
a line of Frankish kings named for Clovis’s grandfather Merovee
Merovingians
the chief official of the Merovingian household
Mayor of the Palace
most famous Mayor of the Palace
Charles Martel (“the Hammer”)
Charles Martel defeated the Moors at ___
the Battle of Tours
Martel’s son, next Mayor of the Palace
Pepin the Short
commenced the Carolingian line of Frankish kings
Pepin the Short
land won from the Lombard tribe by Pepin and gifted to the Roman Church
“Donation of Pepin” ; the Papal State
greatest of the Carolingian kings
Charlemagne (French for Charles the Great)
Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Romans in _____
800
Charlemagne established the ________, or “king’s envoy”
Missi Dominici
Charlemagne’s only surviving son who inherited the crown
Louis the Pious
divided Charlemagne’s empire into 3 parts
Treaty of Verdun
eastern invaders and Asian nomads who were called “the Scourge of Europe”
Magyars
AKA Norsemen, German barbarians known for longships
Vikings
a significant Viking settlement in France
Normandy
Duke of Saxony, acted as king of Germany
Henry the Fowler (part of the Saxon line)
Emperor of the Romans who started the Holy Roman Empire by forming an alliance with the church
Otto the Great
German monarchy reached the peak of its power under ___
Henry IV (Salian line)
nobles who held the right to choose the king
electors
the first Hohenstaufen emperor
Frederick Barbarossa “Red Beard”
Barbarossa’s grandson. Wanted to expand his empire to Southern Italy and clashes with the papacy
Frederick II
- decreed that the pope should only be chosen by cardinals (priests)
- his advisor was ____
- Nicolas II
- Hildebrand (Gregory VII)
the papacy reached its zenith of power and influence under ___
Pope Innocent III
a council in Rome which sanctioned transubstantiation
Fourth Lateran Council
Innocent III established a(n) _____, which caused no infant baptism, no masses, no confessions
interdict
