Test 1 - 8/16/18 Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of Structure
Physiology
Study of Body Function
Appendicular
Pertaining to the upper and lower limbs
Pericardium
Membrane surrounding the heart
Cerebrum
Largest portion of the brain
Append
To hang something
Cardi
Heart
Cerebr
Brain
ology
the study of
Artery
Vessel which carries blood from the heart ( usually Oxygenated)
Artery is Latin for “Air Holder”
Genitals
Structures associated with reproduction
from the word Genesis meaning birth
1st Trimester
0-12 weeks
2nd Trimester
13-28 weeks
3rd Trimester
29-40 weeks
Anatomical Stance
Standing upright, face forward, and palms forward
Carotid
Arteries in neck which take blood to the brain
Carotid
Meaning Stupor, if press on carotid arteries you decrease blood flow to the brain and go into stupor
Uterus
Female reproductive organ which houses a growing individual
Microscopic Anatomy
Studying the cells and tissues of the body with the aid of light and electron microscopes
- Light provides up to 1000 x magnification
- Electron provides over 30,000 x magnification
- both used to observe dead tissue
Transmission Electron Microscopes
Electrons pass through tissues to show what’s in
side
Scanning Electron Microscopes
Electrons scan the surface of tissue to provide 3-D images
MRI (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Using radio waves and magnets to provide a view of the anatomy of the body
Functional MRI
Combines physiology with anatomy by picking up amounts of oxygen consumption in different part of the body
CT Scan (Computed Axial Tomography)
Uses X-rays to view sections of the body
PET Scan (Position Emission Tomography)
Uses radioactive materials to localize whatever you’re looking for
Ultrasound
Uses sound waves to produce an image of the body’s internal structure(s)
Subatomic Particles
electrons, protons, neutrons
Atom
Hydrogen atom, lithium atom
Molecule
water molecule, glucose molecule
Macromolecule
Protein molecule, DNA molecule
Organelle
Mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleus
Cell
Muscle cell, nerve cell
Tissue
Simple squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue
Organ
Skin, femur, heart, kidney
Organ System
integumentary system, skeletal system, digestive system
Organism
Human
Integumentary Organs
Organs:Skin, Hair, nails, sweat gland, sebaceous glands
Skeletal Organs
Organs:Bones, Ligaments, cartilages
Integumentary Functions
Functions:Protect tissues, regulate body temperatures, support sensory receptors
Skeletal Functions
Provide framework, protect soft tissues, provide attachments for muscles, produce blood cells, store inorganic salts
Muscular Organs
Muscles
Muscular Functions
Cause movement, maintain posture, produce body heat
Nervous Organs
Brain, Spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
Nervous Functions
Detect changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands
Endocrine Organs
Glands that secrete hormones (pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus)
Endocrine Functions
Control metaboluc activities of body structure
Cardiovascular Organs
Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
Cardiovascular Functions
Move blood through blood vessels and transport substances throughout body
Lymphatic Organs
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
Lymphatic Functions
Return tissue fluid to the blood, carry certain absorbed food molecules, defend the body against infection
Digestive Organs
Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines
Digestive Functions
Receive, break down, and absorb food; eliminate un absorbed material
Respiratory Organs
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchi, lungs
Respiratory Functions
Intake and output of air, exchange of gases between air and blood
Urinary Organs
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Urinary Functions
Remove wastes from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance, store and transport urine
Reproductive Organs
Male:Scrotum, testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra, penis
Female:Ovaries, Uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva
Reproductive Functions
Produce and maintain egg cells, receive sperm cells, support development of an embryo and function in birth process
Axial
Head, neck, trunk
Homeostasis
Maintaining inside and out
Body cavity are located _____
axial or trunk
Our ____is the largest organ by weight
Skin
Water Characteristics
A chemical Substance
Water Use
For metabolic processes, as a medium for metabolic reactions, to transport substances, and to regulate body temperature
Food Characteristics
Various chemical Substances
How much water are you supposed to have a day?
Body weight divide by 2 and divide by 8
Food Use
To supply energy and raw materials for the production of necessary substances and for the regulation of vital reactions
Oxygen Characteristics
A Chemical Substance
Oxygen Use
To help release energy from food substances
Heat Characteristics
A form of energy
Heat Use
To help regulate the rates of metabolic reactions
Pressure Characteristics
A force
Pressure Use
Atmospheric pressure for breathing; hydro-static pressure to help circulate blood
Homeostasis
The body’s maintenance of a stable environment
Controlled primarily by the nervous and endocrine systems
Maintained through homeostatic mechanisms, all of which have. receptors, control center, effectors
Major features of the human body include body ______, various types of _______ and ________
Cavities, membrane, and organ systems
Body cavities are located in the ___ portions of the body
Axial
All body cavities are lined with ______
membranes
the diaphragm is shaped like a _____.
Parachute
Diaphragm separates _____ and ___ cavities
Thoracic and AP
Name the body cavities of the head
Cranial Middle ear nasal oral frontal sinuses orbital Spehenoidal sinus
Visceral pleura
cover the lung
Visceral pericardium
heart
All of the membranes are serous _______.
membranes
Medial vs. Lateral
Medial is closer to midline; lateral is closer to the side.
Proximal vs. distal
proximal is closer to the trunk; distal is farther away from the trunk.
Superior vs. Inferior
above vs pleural
Anterior vs. Posterior
front vs back
Dorsal and ventral
Back and Front
Cran
Helmet
Cranial
pertaining to the part of the skull that surrounds the brain
Dors
back
dorsal
position toward the back of the body
Homeo
Same
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a stable internal environment
Meta
Change
Metabolism
Chemical changes in the body
Nas
Nose
Nasal
Pertaining to the nose
Orb
Circle
Orbital
Pertaining to the portion of the skull that encircles an eye
Pariet
Wall
Parietal Membrane
Membrane that lines the wall of a cavity
Pelv
Basin
Peri
Around
Pelvic activity
basin-shaped cavity enclosed by the pelvic bones
Pericardial membrane
Membrane that surrounds the heart
Pleur
Rib
Pleural Membrane
Membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cages
Stasis
Standing Still
Homeostasis
Maintenance of stable environment
Super
Above
Superior
Referring to a body part located above another
Tomy
Cutting