Muscle Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Fascia

A

Sheet of dense connective tissue that separates individual muscles and helps hold them in position.

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2
Q

Epimysium

A

Sheath of connective tissue, deep to the fascia, surrounding a skeletal muscle.

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3
Q

Perimysium

A

Sheath of connective tissue that encloses a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers (encloses a fascicle)

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4
Q

Fascicles

A

Small bundle of skeletal muscle fibers. A fasciculus pl., fascicles, fasciculi

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5
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone, skin, or to the covering of adjacent muscles.

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6
Q

Myofibrils

A

Contractile fiber in striated muscle cells

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7
Q

Myosin

A

Protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thick filaments that slide between thin filaments of the protein actin, contracting muscle fibers

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8
Q

Actin

A

Protein in a muscle fiber that forms the thin filaments that slide between thick filaments of the protein myosin, contracting muscle fibers.

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9
Q

Sarcomere

A

Structural unit of a myofibril and the functional unit of muscle contraction.

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10
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Membranous network of channels and tubules within a muscle fiber, corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cells

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11
Q

Transverse tubules

A

Any of several membranous channels that extend deep into the cell from a muscle fiber membrane

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12
Q

Cisterna

A

Enlarged portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum near the actin and myosin filaments of a striated muscle fiber; pl., cisternae

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13
Q

Synapse

A

Functional connection between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical than an axon secretes at a synapse that stimulates or inhibits an effector (muscle or gland) or other neuron.

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15
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

Synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber.

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16
Q

Motor end plate

A

Specialized part of a muscle fiber membrane at a neuromuscular junction.

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17
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

A narrow extracellular space between two cells at a synapse.

18
Q

Slidong filament model

A

The method of muscle contraction in which the actin and myosin filaments slide over each other to shorten the sarcomere.

19
Q

ATPase

A

Enzyme that transfers the energy stored in the terminal phosphate bonds of ATP molecules so it can be used by the cell

20
Q

Acetylcholine

A

(ACh) Type of neurotransmitter, which is a chemical secreted into the synaptic clefts at the axon ends of neurons.

21
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

Enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine

22
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

Molecule in muscle that store energy

23
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells

24
Q

Myoglobin

A

Oxygen storing protein in muscle tissue

25
Q

Lactic acid

A

Organic compound formed from pyruvic acid in the anaerobic pathway of cellular respiration

26
Q

Oxygen debt

A

The amount of oxygen that liver cells require, after aerobic exercise, to convert the accumulated lactate into glucose, plus the amount muscle cells require to restore ATP and creatine phosphate to their original concentrations and to return blood and tissue oxygen levels to normal

27
Q

Twitch

A

Single contraction of a muscle fiber followed by relaxation

28
Q

Latent Period

A

Time between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a response in a muscle fiber

29
Q

Summation

A

Increase force of contraction by a skeletal muscle fiber when a twitch occurs before the previous twitch relaxes

30
Q

Complete Tetanic Contraction

A

Continuous, forceful muscular contraction without relaxation.

31
Q

Motor unit

A

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it controls

32
Q

Recruitment

A

Increase in the number of motor units taking part in a muscle contraction

33
Q

Muscle Tone

A

Ongoing low-level contraction of some fibers in otherwise resting skeletal muscle.

34
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in the walls of certain tubular organs

35
Q

Intercalated Discs

A

Connection between cardiac muscle cells

36
Q

Origin

A

End of a muscle that attaches to a relatively immovable part

37
Q

Insertion

A

End of a muscle attached to a movable part

38
Q

Agonist

A

A muscle that causes a particular movement

39
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes a particular movement

40
Q

Prime Mover

A

Muscle that provides most of a particular body movement.Also called an agonist.