Muscle Notes Part 1 Flashcards
What are some general functions of muscles?
Move the skeleton (because muscles are attached to bones via tendons)
Control opening (like the eyes, mouth, and anus which have sphincter muscles surrounding them)
Stabilize joints (to maintain our posture)’
Provide facial expressions (like happy, sad, etc.)
Give off heat (when you move around, work, exercise, etc.)
Offer protection (abdominal organs protected by rectus abdominis, etc.)
In what five ways can muscles be named?
Shape
Number of heads
Lengths
Location
Where attached
Give an example of a muscle named in each of the five different ways.
Shape
Deltoid (looks like upside-down triangle)
Trapezius (Looks like trapezoid)
Number of heads
Biceps (has 2 heads)
Triceps (has 3 heads)
Length
Short muscles - referred to as “brevis” (abbreviated)
Long muscles - referred to as “longus” (long)
Location
Brachii - located in the arm
Femoris - located in the thigh
Intercostals - located between the ribs
Temporalis - located over the temporal bone of the skull
Where attached
Sternocleidomastoid - is attached to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the temporal bone (this lets you know it’s in the neck)
What are six specific types of movement muscles produce?
Some muscles are flexors
Flexors decrease the angle at a joint
Example:when the biceps brachii muscles contracts, the angle at the elbow decreases
Some muscles are extensors
Extensors increase the angle at a joint
Example: when the triceps brachii muscle contracts, the angle at the elbow increases
Some muscles are adductors
Adductors move a limb toward the midline of the body
Some muscles are abductors
Abductors move a limb away from the midline of the body
Some muscles are supinators
Supinators move the hand palm up (remember by “soup on palm”)
Some muscles are pronators
Pronators move the hand palm down
What can you tell me about this muscle simply by looking at its name: extensor carpi radialis longus? Where would it be located?
Extensor - Increases the angle of a joint
Carpi - Attached at carpal bones (wrist bones)
Radialis - is in the forearm (associated with the radius bone)
What are six specific types of movement muscles produce?
Some muscles are flexors
Flexors decreases the angle at a joint
Example: when the biceps brachii muscle contracts, the angle at the elbow decreases
Some muscles are extensors
Extensors increase the angle at a joint
Example: when the triceps brachii muscle contracts, the angle at the elbow increases
Some muscles are adductors
Adductors move a limb toward the midline of the body
Some muscles are abductors
Abductors move a limb away from the midline of the body
Some muscles are supinators
Supinators move the hand palm up (remember by “soup in palm”)
Some muscles are pronators
Pronators move the hand palm down
What can you tell me about this muscle simply by looking at its name: extensor carpi radialis longus? Where would it be located?
Extensor-increase the angle of a joint
Carpi - attaches at carpal bones (wrist bones)
Radialis - is in the forearm (associated with the radius bone)
Longus - is a long muscle
This is a long muscle found in the forearm which act to extend the wrist
Muscles work in pairs, What is the name for each and what is its function?
Prime mover
Main muscle contracting and carrying out the function
Antagonist
Must relax for the prime mover to function
Example: the biceps flex (are prime movers) only id the triceps relax (antagonist)
What is the name of each type of muscle attachment and what are the characteristics of each?
Origin
Immovable end
Is at the proximal portion of the limb or is closer to the midline of the trunk
Insertion
Moveable end
Is at the distal portion of the limb or is farther from the midline of the trunk
How many muscles are there in the human body?
639
Galea aproneurotics (epicranial aponeurosis)
Thin, strong layer of connective tissue (is not a muscle)
Is important because it connects the frontalis muscle to the occipitalis muscle
Occipitalis
Origin: occipital bone and mastoid process
Insertion: galea aponeurotics
Action: Moves skin and hair located over the occipital bone up and down
Frontalis
Origin: galea aponeurotica
Insertion: Muscles in the superior orbit
Action: Raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
Levator Palpebrae
Origin: Superior orbit
Insertion: Upper eyelid
Action: Raises eyelid
(if you have droopy eyelids, your 3rd cranial nerve isn’t healthy)
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Medial palpebral ligament
Insertion: Lateral palpebral ligament
Action: Blinks and/or closes eyelids
