Skeletal System TEST #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetabul

A

Vinegar Cup

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2
Q

Ax

A

Axis

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3
Q

Blast

A

Bud

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4
Q

Canal

A

Channel

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5
Q

Carp

A

Wrist

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6
Q

Clast

A

Break

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7
Q

Clav

A

Bar

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8
Q

Condyl

A

Knob, Knuckle

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9
Q

Corac

A

Crow’s beak

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10
Q

Cribr

A

Sieve

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11
Q

Crist

A

Crest

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12
Q

Fov

A

Pit

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13
Q

Glen

A

Joint Socket

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14
Q

Inter

A

Among

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15
Q

Intra

A

Inside

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16
Q

Lamell

A

Thin Plate

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17
Q

Meat

A

Passage

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18
Q

Odont

A

Tooth

19
Q

Poie

A

Make, Produce

20
Q

How many bones are found in the humans skeleton?

A

206

21
Q

Why do babies have more bones than adults?

A

Babies are born with 270 soft bones, many of which fuse together in the late teens.

22
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • Supports body (bones of lower limbs, pelvis, and vertebral column support body’s weigh)
  • Gives shape to structures such as head, face, and limbs
  • Protects organs like the heart and lungs
  • Allows movement (serves as points of attachment for muscles)
  • Produce blood cells (red, white, platelets)
  • Stores inorganic salts (minerals) like calcium and phosphorus which our bodies need for proper maintenance
23
Q

What two body systems interact to provide movement?

A

Skeletal system and muscular system

24
Q

Muscles are connected to bones by ____

A

Tendons

25
Q

Bones are connected to bones by ______

A

Ligaments

26
Q

Where two bones meet one another is used called a _____ or _______.

A

joint or articulation

27
Q

How do muscles produce movement of a joint?

A

The muscles must be attached to two different bones involved in the joint. When the muscles contract, they pull the bones together and a bend occurs at the joint; when the muscles relax, the bones straighten out and the joint is no longer bent.

28
Q

Give an example of the bones and muscles working together to cause bending at a joint, then straightening at the joint.

A

A contraction of the biceps coupled with a relaxation of the triceps produces a bend at the elbow.A contraction of the triceps coupled with a relaxation of the biceps produces a straight arm.

29
Q

Where are blood cells produced?

A

In the red marrow of certain bones

30
Q

What are two primary mineral salts stored in bone?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

31
Q

What results in the release of these two minerals from the bone when blood levels of them drop?

A

Hormones from the endocrine system

32
Q

What is Osteoporosis?

A

Disease of the bone in which the bone mineral density is reduced, bone structure is disrupted, and proteins in bone are altered

33
Q

How does the axial skeleton differ from the appendicular skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton: consists of the bones forming the axis of the body: head, neck, and trunk Appendicular skeleton: consists of the appendages and the bones (girdles) which anchor them to the axial skeleton.

34
Q

Name and locate the major bones of the axial skeleton

A
  • Skull (8 cranial and 14 facial bones)
  • Middle ear bones (Malleus, incus, stapes)
  • Hyoid bone (Supports tongue, attaches muscles that move tongue)
  • Vertebral column bones (surround spinal cavity)
  • Thoracic cage bones (surround thoracic cavity and include the ribs and sternum)
35
Q

Name and locate the major bones of the appendicular skeleton

A
  • Upper extremities (whole arm)
  • Pectoral Girdle (clavicle and scapula)
  • Lower extremities (whole leg)
  • Pelvic girdle (coxal or hip bones made up of ilium, ischium, and pubis)
36
Q

List the five types of bones and give an example of each

A

Long bones (femur)

Short bones (tarsal)

Flat bones (parietal bone of head)

Irregular bones (vertebrae)

Sesamoid or round bones (patella)

37
Q

What are some characteristics of long bones? Where are they found?

A

Are longer than they are wide; have expanded ends called epiphyses (singular epiphysis); shaft is called the diaphysis

Found in the upper and lower extremities

38
Q

Describe the epiphysis

A

Expanded ends of long bone

Articulate with other bones

Covered with hyaline cartilage

Have spongy bone inside so aren’t as stong as the diaphysis or shaft

The epiphysis closest to the trunk is the proximal epiphysis while the epiphysis farthest from the trunk is the distal epiphysis

39
Q

What are some characteristics of the diaphysis?

A

Enclosed by membrane called the periosteum

Wall is composed of compact bone which is hard, solid , strong, and resists compressional forces

Centrally-located medullary cavity (hollow chamber) has nerve fibers and blood vessels

Medullary cavity is lined with endosteum which forms bone

Marrow a soft connective tissue can also fill the medullary cavity in some bones

40
Q

What are some characteristics of short bones? Where are they found?

A

Are short and cube-shaped so lengths and widths are roughly equal

Include bones found in the wrists and ankles

41
Q

What are some characteristics of flat bones? Where are they found?

A

Have broad surfaces for protection of organs and attachment of muscles

Include ribs, cranium, pectoral girdle

42
Q

What are some characteristics of irregular bones? Where are they found?

A

All bones not falling into previous categories

Include vertebrae and some skull bones

43
Q

What are some characteristics of sesamoid or round bones?

A

Small and nodular, embedded within tendons adjacent to joints

include patella (knee cap)