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Med term > Terms for Urinary system > Flashcards

Terms for Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

function of urinary system

A

maintain stable ph, remove waste products, adjust water and electrolytes levels, maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

organs of urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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3
Q

urine

A

waste materials of the body

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4
Q

electrolytes

A

are minerals with a charge

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5
Q

nephron

A

waste is removed through this system of blood vessels, renal corpuscles and tubules. more than 1 mil in each kidney

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6
Q

kidney location

A

are retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum)

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7
Q

hilum

A

concave area on the edge of center in the kidneys where the renal artery enters, renal veins leave, and the ureter leaves.

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8
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of kidneys

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9
Q

medulla

A

inner portion of kidneys

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10
Q

pyramids

A

triangular structures in medulla of kidney

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11
Q

papilla

A

tip of each renal pyramid in the kidney

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12
Q

calyx

A

small open area that receives urine from each papilla

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13
Q

renal pelvis

A

large open area that receives urine from each calyx. This empties into the ureter.

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14
Q

renal corpuscle

A

has two parts: the glomerulus and the glomerular (bowmans capsule)

blood flows through glomerulus and substances filtered from blood go to glomerular capsule

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15
Q

renal tubules

A

has 4 sections: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting tubule

filtrate flows through renal tubules to complete urine production process

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16
Q

ureters

A

helps urine drain from renal pelvis to bladder in its tube shaped mucous membrane

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17
Q

urinary bladder

A

an elastic, smooth, muscular sac that holds urine. it is folded into rugae. It lies in the base of the pelvis behind pubic symphysis. The internal sphincter is involuntary and the external is voluntary.

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18
Q

average amount of urine the bladder holds

A

250 ml of urine

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19
Q

urethra

A

tubular canal that carries urine from bladder to outside of body.is 1 1/2 inches in females and 8 inches in males.

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20
Q

external opening of urinary system

A

urinary meatus

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21
Q

releasing urine is called

A

micturition, voiding, or urination

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22
Q

kidneys in homeostasis

A

maintain electrolyte balance and pH range

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23
Q

three stages of urine production

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

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24
Q

filtration

A

filtrate is produced (mix of water, glucose, amino acids, and wastes) and it enters renal tubules. This happens between the glomerulus and bowmans capsule

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25
reabsorption
as filtrate moves through renal tubules, waer and desirable molecules are reabsorbed and returned to blood in peritublar capillaries while waste remains in renal tubules
26
secretion
while filtrate moves through renal tubes, additional waste products are removed rom blood in peritubular capillaries and added to filtrate
27
urine
normally straw--> clear colored,is 95% water, and contains excess water, electrolytes, toxins, and nitrogenpis wastes
28
urinalysis
normal 24 hour output is 1000 to 2000 ml, acidic, and specific gravity is 1:001 to 1:030
29
nephrology
branch of medicine dealing with the kidneys
30
urology
branch of medicine involved in urinary system
31
anuria
lack of urine production and excretion
32
azotemia
nitrogenous waste in bloodstream
33
bacteriuria
bacteria in urine
34
calculus
stone formed within an organ from mineral salts
35
cystalgia
urinary bladder pain
36
cystolith
bladder stone
37
cystorrhagia
profuse bleeding from bladder
38
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
39
dysuria
difficult of painful urination
40
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine; bed-wetting at night
41
frequency
greater urge to urinate with no increase in amount of urine
42
glycosuria
sugar in urine
43
hematuria
blood in urine
44
hesitancy
decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow
45
ketonuria
presence of ketones in urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose
46
nephrolith
kidney stone
47
nephromalacia
abnormally soft kidney
48
nephromegaly
enlarged kidney
49
nephrosclerosis
kidney tissue is hardened
50
nocturia
frequent urination at night
51
oliguria
producing too little urine
52
polyuria
producing too much urine
53
proteinuria
protein in urine
54
pyuria
pus in urine
55
renal colic
pain caused by kidney stone
56
stricture
narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system
57
uremia
accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream
58
ureterostenosis
ureter has become narrow
59
urethralgia
urethral pain
60
urethrostenosis
urethra has become narrow
61
urgency
feeling the need to urinate immediately
62
urinary incontinence
involuntary release of urine
63
urinary retention
inability to fully empty bladder
64
acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
damage to renal tubules due to toxins in urine; results in oliguria
65
diabetic nephropathy
damage to glomerular capillaries due to high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus
66
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the kidney; more permeable to protein and blood cells
67
hydronephrosis
distention of renal pelvis due to accumulation of urine in the kidney
68
nephritis
kidney inflammation
69
nephrolithiasis
presence of calculi in kidney; solidification of salts in the urine
70
nephroma
kidney tumor
71
nephropathy
general term for presence of kidney disease
72
nephroptosis
downward displacement of kidney; floating kidney
73
nephrotic syndrome (NS)
damage to glomerulus; protein appears in the urine
74
polycystic kidneys
formation of multiple cysts within the kidney; destroys normal kidney tissue
75
pyelitis
renal pelvis inflammation
76
pyelonephritis
inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney; common type of kidney disease
77
renal cell carcinoma
cancerous tumor of renal tubule cells
78
renal failure
inability of kidneys to filter wastes; results in uremia
79
Wilm's tumor
malignant kidney tumor; most often found in children
80
bladder cancer
cancerous tumor arising from cells lining bladder; symptom is hematuria
81
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
blockage of bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland
82
cystitis
urinary bladder inflammation
83
cystocele
protrusion of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina
84
interstitial cystitis
inflammation and irritation of bladder
85
neurogenic bladder
loss of nervous control; leads to retention
86
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of any organ of urinary system; usually from bacteria; begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys
87
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
blood test to evaluate kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in bloodstream
88
clean catch specimen (CC)
urine sample obtained after cleaning off the urinary meatus and collecting sample in midstream
89
creatinine clearance
test of kidney function; amount of creatinine in bloodstream is compared to amount in the urine
90
urinalysis (U/A, UA)
physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
91
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
test for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium to identify; then determine which antibiotics it is sensitive to
92
urinometer
instrument to measure specific gravity of urine
93
cystogram
x-ray record of the bladder
94
cystography
contrast dye is placed in bladder and then x-ray is taken; outlines bladder
95
excretory urography (EU)
dye is injected into bloodstream; x-ray traces the dye as it moves through organs of the urinary system
96
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
injecting dye into vein and then taking an x-ray to outline renal pelvis
97
kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
abdominal x-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
98
nephrogram
x-ray record of the kidney
99
pyelogram
x-ray record of the renal pelvis
100
retrograde pyelography (RP)
dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis
101
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
dye is placed in the bladder; x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding
102
cystoscope
instrument used to visually examine urinary bladder
103
urethroscope
instrument used to visually examine urethra
104
catheter
flexible tube inserted into the body; commonly used through urethra into bladder
105
catheterization (cath)
insertion of a tube through urethra and into the urinary bladder
106
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of ultrasound waves to break up renal calculi
107
hemodialysis (HD)
use of artificial kidney machine to filter the blood
108
peritoneal dialysis
removes wastes using chemically balanced solutions placed into peritoneal cavity
109
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
110
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the bladder
111
cystoplasty
surgical repair of the bladder
112
cystostomy
create a new opening into the bladder
113
cystotomy
cutting into bladder
114
lithotripsy
crushing a stone in the bladder or urethra
115
lithotomy
cutting into to remove a stone
116
meatotomy
incision into the meatus
117
nephrectomy
surgical removal of a kidney
118
nephrolithotomy
incision to directly remove stones from the kidney
119
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney
120
nephrostomy
create of a new opening into a kidney
121
nephrotomy
cutting into a kidney
122
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
123
renal transplant
surgical placement of a donor kidney
124
antibiotic
treats bacterial infections
125
antispasmodic
prevent or reduce bladder muscle spasms
126
diuretics
increases volume of urine

Med term (15 decks)

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