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Med term > Terms for Urinary system > Flashcards

Terms for Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

function of urinary system

A

maintain stable ph, remove waste products, adjust water and electrolytes levels, maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

organs of urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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3
Q

urine

A

waste materials of the body

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4
Q

electrolytes

A

are minerals with a charge

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5
Q

nephron

A

waste is removed through this system of blood vessels, renal corpuscles and tubules. more than 1 mil in each kidney

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6
Q

kidney location

A

are retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum)

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7
Q

hilum

A

concave area on the edge of center in the kidneys where the renal artery enters, renal veins leave, and the ureter leaves.

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8
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of kidneys

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9
Q

medulla

A

inner portion of kidneys

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10
Q

pyramids

A

triangular structures in medulla of kidney

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11
Q

papilla

A

tip of each renal pyramid in the kidney

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12
Q

calyx

A

small open area that receives urine from each papilla

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13
Q

renal pelvis

A

large open area that receives urine from each calyx. This empties into the ureter.

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14
Q

renal corpuscle

A

has two parts: the glomerulus and the glomerular (bowmans capsule)

blood flows through glomerulus and substances filtered from blood go to glomerular capsule

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15
Q

renal tubules

A

has 4 sections: proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting tubule

filtrate flows through renal tubules to complete urine production process

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16
Q

ureters

A

helps urine drain from renal pelvis to bladder in its tube shaped mucous membrane

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17
Q

urinary bladder

A

an elastic, smooth, muscular sac that holds urine. it is folded into rugae. It lies in the base of the pelvis behind pubic symphysis. The internal sphincter is involuntary and the external is voluntary.

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18
Q

average amount of urine the bladder holds

A

250 ml of urine

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19
Q

urethra

A

tubular canal that carries urine from bladder to outside of body.is 1 1/2 inches in females and 8 inches in males.

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20
Q

external opening of urinary system

A

urinary meatus

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21
Q

releasing urine is called

A

micturition, voiding, or urination

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22
Q

kidneys in homeostasis

A

maintain electrolyte balance and pH range

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23
Q

three stages of urine production

A

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

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24
Q

filtration

A

filtrate is produced (mix of water, glucose, amino acids, and wastes) and it enters renal tubules. This happens between the glomerulus and bowmans capsule

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25
Q

reabsorption

A

as filtrate moves through renal tubules, waer and desirable molecules are reabsorbed and returned to blood in peritublar capillaries while waste remains in renal tubules

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26
Q

secretion

A

while filtrate moves through renal tubes, additional waste products are removed rom blood in peritubular capillaries and added to filtrate

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27
Q

urine

A

normally straw–> clear colored,is 95% water, and contains excess water, electrolytes, toxins, and nitrogenpis wastes

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28
Q

urinalysis

A

normal 24 hour output is 1000 to 2000 ml, acidic, and specific gravity is 1:001 to 1:030

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29
Q

nephrology

A

branch of medicine dealing with the kidneys

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30
Q

urology

A

branch of medicine involved in urinary system

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31
Q

anuria

A

lack of urine production and excretion

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32
Q

azotemia

A

nitrogenous waste in bloodstream

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33
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in urine

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34
Q

calculus

A

stone formed within an organ from mineral salts

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35
Q

cystalgia

A

urinary bladder pain

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36
Q

cystolith

A

bladder stone

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37
Q

cystorrhagia

A

profuse bleeding from bladder

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38
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

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39
Q

dysuria

A

difficult of painful urination

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40
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine; bed-wetting at night

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41
Q

frequency

A

greater urge to urinate with no increase in amount of urine

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42
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar in urine

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43
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

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44
Q

hesitancy

A

decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow

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45
Q

ketonuria

A

presence of ketones in urine; occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose

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46
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stone

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47
Q

nephromalacia

A

abnormally soft kidney

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48
Q

nephromegaly

A

enlarged kidney

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49
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

kidney tissue is hardened

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50
Q

nocturia

A

frequent urination at night

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51
Q

oliguria

A

producing too little urine

52
Q

polyuria

A

producing too much urine

53
Q

proteinuria

A

protein in urine

54
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

55
Q

renal colic

A

pain caused by kidney stone

56
Q

stricture

A

narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system

57
Q

uremia

A

accumulation of waste products in the bloodstream

58
Q

ureterostenosis

A

ureter has become narrow

59
Q

urethralgia

A

urethral pain

60
Q

urethrostenosis

A

urethra has become narrow

61
Q

urgency

A

feeling the need to urinate immediately

62
Q

urinary incontinence

A

involuntary release of urine

63
Q

urinary retention

A

inability to fully empty bladder

64
Q

acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

A

damage to renal tubules due to toxins in urine; results in oliguria

65
Q

diabetic nephropathy

A

damage to glomerular capillaries due to high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus

66
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney; more permeable to protein and blood cells

67
Q

hydronephrosis

A

distention of renal pelvis due to accumulation of urine in the kidney

68
Q

nephritis

A

kidney inflammation

69
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of calculi in kidney; solidification of salts in the urine

70
Q

nephroma

A

kidney tumor

71
Q

nephropathy

A

general term for presence of kidney disease

72
Q

nephroptosis

A

downward displacement of kidney; floating kidney

73
Q

nephrotic syndrome (NS)

A

damage to glomerulus; protein appears in the urine

74
Q

polycystic kidneys

A

formation of multiple cysts within the kidney; destroys normal kidney tissue

75
Q

pyelitis

A

renal pelvis inflammation

76
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney; common type of kidney disease

77
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of renal tubule cells

78
Q

renal failure

A

inability of kidneys to filter wastes; results in uremia

79
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A

malignant kidney tumor; most often found in children

80
Q

bladder cancer

A

cancerous tumor arising from cells lining bladder; symptom is hematuria

81
Q

bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

A

blockage of bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland

82
Q

cystitis

A

urinary bladder inflammation

83
Q

cystocele

A

protrusion of the urinary bladder into wall of vagina

84
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

inflammation and irritation of bladder

85
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

loss of nervous control; leads to retention

86
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of any organ of urinary system; usually from bacteria; begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys

87
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

blood test to evaluate kidney function by measuring level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in bloodstream

88
Q

clean catch specimen (CC)

A

urine sample obtained after cleaning off the urinary meatus and collecting sample in midstream

89
Q

creatinine clearance

A

test of kidney function; amount of creatinine in bloodstream is compared to amount in the urine

90
Q

urinalysis (U/A, UA)

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

91
Q

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

test for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium to identify; then determine which antibiotics it is sensitive to

92
Q

urinometer

A

instrument to measure specific gravity of urine

93
Q

cystogram

A

x-ray record of the bladder

94
Q

cystography

A

contrast dye is placed in bladder and then x-ray is taken; outlines bladder

95
Q

excretory urography (EU)

A

dye is injected into bloodstream; x-ray traces the dye as it moves through organs of the urinary system

96
Q

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

injecting dye into vein and then taking an x-ray to outline renal pelvis

97
Q

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

A

abdominal x-ray showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

98
Q

nephrogram

A

x-ray record of the kidney

99
Q

pyelogram

A

x-ray record of the renal pelvis

100
Q

retrograde pyelography (RP)

A

dye is inserted through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis

101
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

dye is placed in the bladder; x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding

102
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument used to visually examine urinary bladder

103
Q

urethroscope

A

instrument used to visually examine urethra

104
Q

catheter

A

flexible tube inserted into the body; commonly used through urethra into bladder

105
Q

catheterization (cath)

A

insertion of a tube through urethra and into the urinary bladder

106
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of ultrasound waves to break up renal calculi

107
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

use of artificial kidney machine to filter the blood

108
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

removes wastes using chemically balanced solutions placed into peritoneal cavity

109
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the bladder

110
Q

cystopexy

A

surgical fixation of the bladder

111
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repair of the bladder

112
Q

cystostomy

A

create a new opening into the bladder

113
Q

cystotomy

A

cutting into bladder

114
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing a stone in the bladder or urethra

115
Q

lithotomy

A

cutting into to remove a stone

116
Q

meatotomy

A

incision into the meatus

117
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

118
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision to directly remove stones from the kidney

119
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a kidney

120
Q

nephrostomy

A

create of a new opening into a kidney

121
Q

nephrotomy

A

cutting into a kidney

122
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

123
Q

renal transplant

A

surgical placement of a donor kidney

124
Q

antibiotic

A

treats bacterial infections

125
Q

antispasmodic

A

prevent or reduce bladder muscle spasms

126
Q

diuretics

A

increases volume of urine

Med term (15 decks)

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