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Med term > blood and lymphatic system anatomy > Flashcards

blood and lymphatic system anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Function of blood

A

transports substances throughout body

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2
Q

organs of Blood system

A

formed elements (such as erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes) and plasma

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3
Q

amount of blood average adult has

A

5 liters

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4
Q

hematopoiesis

A

process of blood cell production in the red bone marrow

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5
Q

plasma

A

is about 55% of blood and 90-92% water. the remaining portion is dissolved substances. Contains proteins (albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen) as well as minerals and waste

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6
Q

Albumin

A

protein in plasma used to transport fatty substances

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7
Q

Globulin

A

gamma globulins are antibodies

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8
Q

fibrinogen

A

blood clotting protein in plasma

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9
Q

Erythrocytes

A

structure is enucleated (no nucleus) and biconcave disk. hemoglobin give them their red color. they are responsible for oxygen transport in the body. has a lifespan of 120 days

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10
Q

leukocytes

A

provide protection against pathogens. have a spherical shape with large nucleus. (8000 per cubic mm of blood)

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11
Q

granulocytes

A

leukocytes that have granules in cytoplasm

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12
Q

agranulocytes

A

leukocytes with no granules in cytoplasm

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13
Q

basophils

A

granulocyte that releases histamine and heparin to damaged tissues

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14
Q

eosinophils

A

granulocyte that destroys parasites and increase during allergic reaction

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15
Q

neutrophils

A

granulocyte that are important for phagocytosis

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16
Q

Monocytes

A

An agranulocyte important for phagocytosis

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17
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Agranulocyte that provides protection through immunity

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18
Q

Platelets

A

Critical in blood clotting (hemostasis). Agglutinate into small clusters one blood vessel is damaged which leads to the formation of thrombin. Thrombin reacts with prothrombin which converts fibrinogen to fibrin and results in the formation of mesh like blood clot

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19
Q

Blood typing

A

Two possible rbc markers:
A type: anti-b antibodies
B type: anti-a antibodies

AB blood has no antibodies and o blood has both antibodies

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20
Q

Universal donor

A

O blood

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21
Q

Universal recipient

A

AB

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22
Q

Rh+

A

Does not make anti rh antibodies

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23
Q

Rh-

A

Produces anti-Rh antibodies

Can only receive Rh-

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24
Q

Basophilic

A

Wbc that attracts a basic pH stain

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25
Q

Eosinophilic

A

Wbc that attracts a rosy red stain

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26
Q

Erythrocytic

A

A red blood cell

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27
Q

Fibrinous

A

Pertaining to having fibers

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28
Q

hematic

A

Pertaining to blood

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29
Q

Leukocytic

A

A white blood cell

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30
Q

Lymphocytic

A

Wbc formed in lymphatic tissue

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31
Q

Monocytic

A

Wbc with a single large nucleus

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32
Q

Neutrophilic

A

Wbc that attracts a neutral pH stain

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33
Q

Sanguinous

A

Pertaining to blood

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34
Q

Thrombocytic

A

A clotting cell, platelets

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35
Q

Hematology

A

Branch of medicine specializing in treatment of blood conditions

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36
Q

Blood clot

A

Hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris; end result of hemostasis

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37
Q

Coagulate

A

To convert a liquid into a solid

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38
Q

Dyscrasia

A

General term for disease affecting blood

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39
Q

Hematoma

A

Collection of blood under skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels

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40
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Rapid flow of blood

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41
Q

Hemophilia

A

Genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor

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42
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive level of lipids in the bloodstream; rest factor for atherosclerosis

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43
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Having too few of all blood cells

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44
Q

Septicemia

A

Having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning

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45
Q

Anemia

A

Group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues

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46
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Severe anemia; red bone marrow starts making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant

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47
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Condition of having too many RBCs

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48
Q

Erythropenia

A

Condition of having to few RBCs

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49
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

Results from destruction of RBCs

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50
Q

Hypochromic anemia

A

Results from insufficient amount of hemoglobin in RBCs; unable to transport sufficient oxygen

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51
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Results from insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs

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52
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Insufficient absorption of vitamin B 12; unable to make enough RBCs

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53
Q

Polycythemia vera

A

Condition of having too many RBCs; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly

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54
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Genetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal Sickle shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia

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55
Q

Thalassemia

A

Genetic disorder where there is inability to produce functioning hemoglobin

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56
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of white blood cell forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in bloodstream

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57
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Condition of having too many WBCs

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58
Q

Leukopenia

A

Condition of having too few WBCs

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59
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Condition of having too many platelets

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60
Q

Thrombopenia

A

Condition of having too few platelets

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61
Q

Blood culture and sensitivity

A

Blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determines the best anabiotic to use

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62
Q

Complete blood count

A

Set of blood tests: RBC account, WBC count, hemoglobin, hemocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count

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63
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

Determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube; indicates presence of inflammation in the body

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64
Q

Hematocrit

A

Measure the volume of RBCs

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65
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Measures amount of hemoglobin present

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66
Q

Platelet count

A

Determines number of platelets

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67
Q

Prothrombin time

A

Measures how long needed for blood to coagulate and form a clot

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68
Q

Red blood cell count

A

Measures number of RBCs

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69
Q

Red blood cell morphology

A

Examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape

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70
Q

Sequential multiple analyzer computer

A

Machine for doing multiple blood chemistry tests automatically

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71
Q

White blood cell count

A

Measures number of leukocytes

72
Q

White blood cell differential

A

Determines the number of each type of wbc

73
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

Sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia

74
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Incision into a vein in order to with draw blood for testing; also called venipuncture

75
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

Collection in storage at patient’s own blood prior to actual need

76
Q

Blood transfusion

A

Artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream

77
Q

Bone marrow transplant

A

Patient receives red bone marrow from donor after recipients own bone marrow has been destroyed

78
Q

Homologous transfusion

A

Replacement blood with blood from another person

79
Q

Packed red cells

A

Transfusion of only blood cells without plasma

80
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Removal of whole blood, separation of plasma from formed elements; formed elements returned to patient with donor plasma transfusion

81
Q

Whole blood

A

Mixture of both plasma and formed elements

82
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Prevents blood clot formation

83
Q

Antihemorrhagic

A

Prevent bleeding

84
Q

Antiplatelet agents

A

Interferes with action of platelets

85
Q

Hematinic

A

Increases number of RBCs and hemoglobin

86
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Dissolves existing clots

87
Q

Functions of Lymphatic system

A

Network of vessels that picks up excess tissue fluid, cleanses it, and returns it to circulatory system. Also picks up fats absorbed by digestive system. Immune system fight diseases and infections

88
Q

Organs of the lymphatic and immune system

A

Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus gland, spleen, tonsils

89
Q

Lymph

A

Fluid within Lymphatic vessels

90
Q

Lacteals

A

Vessels around the small intestine that assist with fat absorption by picking up absorb fats and delivering them to the circulatory system

91
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

One way pipes conducting length from tissues towards thoracic cavity; uses valves to prevent backflow

92
Q

Lymph capillaries

A

Very small lymphatic Capillaries in tissues

93
Q

Lymphatic ducts

A

Lymph drains into one of these two large ducts in thoracic cavity

94
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Also called length of glands; composed of lymphatic tissue, and located along route of lymphatic vessels

Function to house lymphocytes and anti-bodies, remove pathogen and cell debris, and destroy cancer

95
Q

Axillary

A

Armpits

lymph nodes from axiliary region drain fluid from arm

96
Q

Mediastinal

A

Chest; lymph nodes in this area drain fluid from chest

97
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin; lymph nodes drain fluid from legs and pelvis

98
Q

Tonsils

A

Act as filters to prevent invasion of pathogens. They are collections of lymphatic tissue on each side of the throat; contain large number of leukocytes

99
Q

Spleen

A

Phagocytic microphages lining blood sinuses of spleen function to remove pathogens and worn out RBCs; spleen may be removed

100
Q

Thymus gland

A

Essential for proper development of immune system, and assist body with immune function and development of anti-bodies. Located in mediastinum; secretes hormones call thymosin that changes lymphocytes to T lymphocytes. More active in children.

101
Q

Immunity

A

Bodies ability to defend itself against pathogens

102
Q

Natural immunity

A

Also called in the immunity, does not require prior exposure to pathogens

103
Q

Passive acquired immunity

A

Result when a person receives protective substances produced by another human or animal such as maternal anti-bodies

104
Q

Active acquired immunity

A

Developed following direct exposure to pathogens such as vaccinations

105
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of white blood cell forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in blood stream

106
Q

leukocytosis

A

condition of having too many WBCs

107
Q

leukopenia

A

condition of having too few WBCs

108
Q

thrombocytosis

A

condition of having too many platelets

109
Q

thrombopenia

A

condition of having too few platelets

110
Q

blood culture and sensitivity

A

blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determines best antibiotic to use

111
Q

complete blood count

A

set of blood tests; RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count

112
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

A

determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube; indicates presence of inflammation in the body.

113
Q

hematocrit

A

measures volume of RBC’s

114
Q

antigens

A

disease causing agents

115
Q

humoral immunity

A

antibody-mediated immunity that produces b lymphocytes. respond to antigens by producing an antibody

116
Q

antigen-antibody complex

A

antibodies combine with antigen and prevents infectious agent from damaging healthy cells through phagocytosis

117
Q

cellular immunity

A

involves production of natural killer cells which are cytotoxic (physically attack and destroy pathogenic cells)

118
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

Acquired in hospital

119
Q

Cross infection

A

Pathogen acquired from another person

120
Q

Reinfection

A

Become infected again with the same pathogen

121
Q

Self inoculation

A

Pathogens from one part of patient’s body spread to another part of body

122
Q

The six standard precautions in a hospital

A
  1. Wash hands before And after working with a patient
  2. Wear gloves when in contact with anybody fluid, mucous membrane, or non-intact skin or if you have chapped hands, rash, or open sores
  3. Wear non-permeable down or apron during procedures that expose body fluid
  4. Wear mask and protective eyewear when patients are coughing or splashes are likely
  5. Where facemask and eyewear seal face during procedures where body tissue is vaporized
  6. Remove any shared appointment for proper cleaning that has come into contact with body fluid
123
Q

Lymphangial

A

Pertaining to lymph vessels

124
Q

Lymphatic

A

Pertaining to lymph

125
Q

Splenic

A

Pertaining to the spleen

126
Q

Thymic

A

Pertaining to the thymus gland

127
Q

Tonsillar

A

Pertaining to the tonsils

128
Q

Allergist

A

Physician who specializes in testing for and treating allergies

129
Q

Immunology

A

Branch of medicine that treats infectious diseases and other disorders of the immune system

130
Q

Pathology

A

Branch of medicine determining underlying causes and development of diseases

131
Q

Hives

A

Appearance of wheals as part of allergic reaction

132
Q

Inflammation

A

Tissues response to injury; redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch

133
Q

Lymphedema

A

Excessive tissue fluid due to blocked lymphatic flow

134
Q

Splenomegaly

A

enlarged spleen

135
Q

Urticaria

A

Severe itching associated with hives

136
Q

Allergy

A

Hypersensitivity to a common substance; substance is called an allergen

137
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Life-threatening condition from severe allergic reaction; circulatory and respiratory problems occur; also called anaphylaxis

138
Q

Adenoiditis

A

Inflammation of the adenoids

139
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

Disease resulting from immune system attacking its own body as it a pathogen

140
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Inflammation obstruction of lymph vessels; results in enlarged tissues due to edema

141
Q

Hodgkin’s disease

A

Cancer of the lymphatic cells found in concentration in lymph nodes

142
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Inflammation of lymph nodes; commonly called swollen glands

143
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

General term for lymph node disease

144
Q

lymphphangioma

A

Tumor in a lymphatic vessel

145
Q

Lymphoma

A

Tumor in lymphatic tissue

146
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Acute viral infection with large number of atypical lymphocytes

147
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Cancer of the lymphatic tissues other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

148
Q

Thymoma

A

Tumor of the thymus gland

149
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of tonsils

150
Q

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

Defect in cell mediated immunity; result of final stages of HIV infection

151
Q

AIDS related complex

A

Early stages of AIDS; mild symptoms; weight loss, fatigue, anorexia

152
Q

Graft vs. host disease

A

Complication of bone marrow transplant; immune cells from bone marrow attack recipients body

153
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus

A

Virus that causes AIDS; known as a retrovirus

154
Q

Immunocompromised

A

Immune system that does not function properly; also called immunodeficiency disorder

155
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Skin cancer seen in aids patients; brownish purple skin lesions

156
Q

Opportunistic infections

A

Infections appearing in immunocompromised person

157
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

Common in aids patients; an opportunistic infection

158
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Autoimmune disease; forms fibrous lesions in multiple organs of the body

159
Q

Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

A

Genetic disorder; born without a functioning immune system

160
Q

Enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay

A

Blood test for antibody to aids virus; positive test means person has been exposed to a virus

161
Q

Western blot

A

Used as a back up to ELISA Test for HIV

162
Q

Lymphangiogram

A

X-ray record of lymphatic vessels

163
Q

Lymphangiography

A

X-ray taken of lymphatic vessels after injection of dye

164
Q

Monospot

A

Test for mono

165
Q

Scratch test

A

Allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through light scratch in skin

166
Q

Immunotherapy

A

Patient receives immunoglobulin injection or antibodies to treat a disease

167
Q

Vaccination

A

Exposure to weaken pathogen to stimulate immune response; person will then be able to fight off pathogen if exposed to it in the future

168
Q

adenoidectomy

A

Surgical removal of adenoids

169
Q

Lymphadenectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lymph node; done to test for malignancy or metastasis

170
Q

Splenectomy

A

Surgical removal of spleen

171
Q

Thymectomy

A

Surgical removal of thymus gland

172
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Surgical removal of tonsils

173
Q

Antihistamine

A

Blocks histamine release during allergic reaction

174
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Anti-inflammatory; used to treat auto immune diseases

175
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

Blocks immune system; prevents rejection of transplant

176
Q

Protease inhibitor drugs

A

Inhibits protease, enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce

177
Q

Reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs

A

Inhibits reverse transcriptase, enzyme needed for viruses to reproduce

Med term (15 decks)

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