Terms for Female Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
Function of female reproductive system
A
produces ova, provide location for fertilization, provides location for development of fetus, secretes female sex hormones, produces milk to nourish infant
2
Q
Organs of female reproductive system
A
breasts, uterine tubes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, vulva
3
Q
Ovaries
A
2 almond shaped glands that produce and release ova about every 28 days. also secretes female sex hormones
4
Q
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
A
secreted by the anterior pituitary to stimulate maturation of ovum and trigger ovulation
5
Q
Estrogen and Progesterone
A
secreted by ovary and prepares endometrium to receive fertilized ovum, gives female secondary sex characteristics
6
Q
fallopian tubes or oviducts
A
5 1/2 inch long tube that transports ovum from ovary to uterus; fertilization typically occurs within upper half of fallopian tube
7
Q
fimbriae
A
uterine tubes end with these finger-like projections
8
Q
uterus
A
pear shaped organ in center of pelvic cavity. has three regions (fundus, corpus, and cervix)
9
Q
endometrium
A
inner layer of uterus that has rich blood supply. reacts to estrogen and thickens to receive ovum. Fertilized egg implants here and provides nourishment and protection to embryo.
10
Q
myometrium
A
middle muscular layer of uterus
11
Q
perimetrium
A
outer layer of uterus
12
Q
Menstration
A
endometrium is sloughed off when pregnancy does not occur
13
Q
Menarche
A
first menstrual period
14
Q
menopause
A
end of menstrual activity and childbearing
15
Q
vagina
A
thin muscular tube lined with mucous membrane that extends from cervix to outside of the body. This allows for the passage of menstrual flow. during intercourse, receives male penis and semen. Birth canal
16
Q
vaginal orifice
A
opening of vagina to outside of body
17
Q
hymen
A
thin membranous tissue that partially covers external vaginal opening
18
Q
Bartholin’s glands
A
secretes mucus for lubrication during intercourse in female body
19
Q
vulva: labia majora and minora
A
folds of skin that serve as a protective coating for vagina and urinary meatus
20
Q
clitoris
A
erectile tissue in female reproductive system
21
Q
Perineum
A
region between vaginal orifice and anus
22
Q
breasts
A
also called mammary glands or lactiferous glands. produces milk
23
Q
Lactiferous ducts
A
carry milk to nipple
24
Q
areola
A
pigmented area around nipple
25
gestation
period of pregnancy- 40 weeks
26
premature birth
birth before 37 weeks of gestation
27
embryo
from implantation into endometrium until 8 weeks; major organs and systems are formed
28
fetus
ninth week until birth, organs mature and begin to function
29
amnion
inner sac that an infant is held in that holds amniotic fluid in which the fetus floats
30
chorion
protective outer sac that forms part of placenta
31
placenta
a spongy blood-filled organ next to the fetus that provides nourishment
32
afterbirth
when the placenta is "birthed"
33
umbilical cord
fetus is attached to placenta by this
34
dilation stage
first stage where strong uterine muscle contractions push fetus against cervix
35
crowning
when head appears during delivery
36
Effacement
thinning of the cervix
37
Dilation
cervix expands to 10 cm
38
Expulsion stage
second stage that begins with full dilation of cervix and ends with birth. where crowning occurs
39
Placental stage
third stage where uterus continues to contract and placenta is delivered
40
breech birth
when fetus' head does not appear first in birth canal. buttocks first is most common
41
antepartum
period of time before birth
42
colostrum
thin fluid secreted by breast after delivery before actual milk appears
43
fraternal twins
develop from two different ova fertilized by two different sperm
44
identical twins
develop from the splitting of a single fertilized ovum
45
meconium
first bowel movement of newborns
46
multigravida
woman who has been pregnant two or more times
47
multipara
woman who has given birth to a live infant two ore more times
48
neonate
term for a newborn baby
49
nulligravida
woman who has not been pregnant
50
nullipara
woman who has not given birth to a live infant
51
postpartum
period of time just after birth
52
primigravida
woman who is pregnant for the first time
53
primipara
woman who has given birth to a live infant once
54
gynecololgy
branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive system.
55
neonatology
medicine specializing in treatment involving newborns
56
obstetrics
branch of medicine dealing with women during pregnancy and childbirth and after.
57
amenorrhea
having no menstrual flow
58
amniorrhea
flow or amniotic fluid when amnion ruptures
59
dysmenorrhea
abnormal or painful menstrual flow
60
dystocia
difficult labor and childbirth
61
hematosalpinx
presence of blood in uterine tube
62
leukorrhea
whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge
63
mastalgia
breast pain
64
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy menstrual flow during normal menstruation time
65
metrorrhea
discharge (such as pus or mucus, not menstrual flow) from the utrus
66
oligomenorrhea
light menstrual flow
67
oophoritis
inflammation of an ovary
68
ovarian carcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovaries
69
ovarian cyst
cysts developing in the ovaries; may rupture causing pain and bleeding
70
pyosalpinx
presence of pus in a uterine tube
71
salpingitis
inflammation of uterine tube
72
cervical cancer
malignant tumor of the cervix
73
endocervicitis
inflammation occurring within the cervix
74
endometritis
inflammation of the lining of the uterus
75
fibroid tumor
benign fibrous tumor in the uterus
76
hysterorrhexis
rupture of the uterus
77
menometrorrhagia
excessive bleeding during menstrual period or between menstrual periods
78
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
symptoms appear before menstrual period; irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety
79
prolapsed uterus
fallen uterus; may cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening
80
candidiasis
yeast infection of mucous membrane lining of vagina
81
cystocele
bladder presses backwards on vaginal wall
82
rectrocele
rectum presses forward on vaginal wass
83
toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
staphylococcus infection occurring in menstruating women; associated with prolonged wearing of super-absorbent tampon
84
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
85
endometriosis
occurs when endometrial tissue flows backwards from uterus through fallopian tubes and into pelvic cavity
86
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
bacterial infection that spreads through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity
87
perimetritis
inflammation of pelvic cavity around outside of uterus
88
breast cancer
malignant tumor of breast tissue
89
fibrocystic breast disease
appearance of fibrous tumors in breast tissue; no association with cancer
90
lactorrhea
abnormal discharge of milk from breast
91
mastitis
inflammation of breast
92
abruptio placentae
placenta tears away from uterine wall prior to delivery of baby
93
eclampsia
convulsions and coma occurring in woman in late stages of pregnancy
94
hemolytic disease of the newborn
occurs when mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+; mothers antibodies cross the placenta and attack baby's blood; older name is erythroblastosis fetalis
95
infertility
unable to have children after intercourse for one year
96
placenta previa
placenta forms low in uterus overlying opening to cervix
97
preeclampsia
metabolic disease of pregnancy; may result in true eclamsia; hypertension, headaches, and edema; also called toxemia
98
prolapsed umbilical cord
umbilical cord emerges before baby; cutting off blood flow to baby
99
pseudocyesis
body acts as if there is a pregnancy, but there is not
100
salpingocyesis
pregnancy that occurs in uterine tube instead of uterus
101
spontaneous abortion
unplanned loss of pregnancy early on; miscarriage
102
stillbirth
death of a fetus of viable age; occurs shortly before or at time of delivery
103
PAP (papanicolau) smear
scraping of cervical cells is examined for cancer
104
pregnancy test
chemical test to determine pregnancy during first weeks
105
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
x-ray of uterus and fallopian tubes after injecting dye in through cervix
106
mammogram
x-ray record of breast
107
mammography
x-ray of breast for detection of breast cancer
108
pelvic ultrasonography
use of ultrasound waves to produce image of pelvic organs or a fetus within the uterus
109
colposcope
instrument used to visually examine vagina
110
colposcopy
process of visually examining vagina
111
culdoscopy
examination of pelvic pavity behind the uterus using a culdoscope introduced through an incision in vaginal wall
112
laparoscope
instrument to examine inside of abdominal cavity
113
laparoscopy
process of visually examining pelvic cavity and organs
114
amniocentesis
removal of amniotic fluid using a needle; used to determine fetal maturity, development, and genetic disorders
115
apgar score
evaluates newborn's adjustment to outside; observes color, heart rate respiratory rate, muscle tone, and response to stimuli
116
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
removal of small piece of chorion for genetic analysis
117
fetal monitoring
electronic equipment on mothers abdomen or fetus's scalp to check heart rate during labor and delivery
118
cervical biopsy
removing piece of cervical tissue to examine for cancer
119
endometrial biopsy (EMB)
removing a sample of endometrial tissue to examine for cancer
120
pelvic examination
physical exam of vagina and adjacent organs; a speculum is used to open vagina
121
barrier contraception
prevents sperm from meeting ovum; condoms, diaphragms
122
hormonal contraception
using hormones to block ovulation; no ovum to fertilized; pills, patch, implant
123
intrauterine device (IUD)
device inserted into uterus to prevent pregnancy from establishing
124
amniotomy
cutting into the amnion
125
cervicectomy
surgical removal of cervix
126
cesarean section (CS, C-section)
surgical delivery of baby through abdominal incision
127
conization
removal of a core of cervical tissue
128
dilation and curettage (D&C)
dilation of cervix and scraping away of endometrial lining
129
elective abortion
legal termination of a pregnancy for non-medical reasons
130
episiorrhaphy
suture the vulva
131
episiotomy
incision of perineum to widen birth canal during delivery
132
hymenectomy
surgical removal of the hymen
133
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
134
hysteropexy
surgical fixation of the uterus
135
laparotomy
cutting into the abdominal cavity
136
lumpectomy
removal of breast lump and tissue immediately surrounding it
137
mammoplasty
surgical repair of breast
138
mastectomy
surgical removal of breast
139
oophorectomy
surgical removal of an ovary
140
radical mastectomy
removal of breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes
141
salpingectomy
surgical removal of uterine tube
142
simple mastectomy
removal of breast tissue
143
therapeutic abortion
termination of a pregnancy for the health of mother
144
total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)
removal of the entire uterus, cervix, both fallopian tubes, and both ovaries through and abdominal incision
145
tubal ligation
surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to prevent conception
146
vaginal hysterectomy
removal of the uterus through vagina rather than an abdominal incision
147
abortifacient
terminates a pregnancy
148
fertility drug
triggers ovulation
149
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
replacement estrogen after menopause or loss of ovaries
150
oral contraceptive pills (OCPs)
prevents conception by blocking ovulation
151
oxytocin
improves uterine contractions during labor
