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Med term > Terms for Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Terms for Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of female reproductive system

A

produces ova, provide location for fertilization, provides location for development of fetus, secretes female sex hormones, produces milk to nourish infant

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2
Q

Organs of female reproductive system

A

breasts, uterine tubes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, vulva

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3
Q

Ovaries

A

2 almond shaped glands that produce and release ova about every 28 days. also secretes female sex hormones

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4
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by the anterior pituitary to stimulate maturation of ovum and trigger ovulation

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5
Q

Estrogen and Progesterone

A

secreted by ovary and prepares endometrium to receive fertilized ovum, gives female secondary sex characteristics

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6
Q

fallopian tubes or oviducts

A

5 1/2 inch long tube that transports ovum from ovary to uterus; fertilization typically occurs within upper half of fallopian tube

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7
Q

fimbriae

A

uterine tubes end with these finger-like projections

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8
Q

uterus

A

pear shaped organ in center of pelvic cavity. has three regions (fundus, corpus, and cervix)

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9
Q

endometrium

A

inner layer of uterus that has rich blood supply. reacts to estrogen and thickens to receive ovum. Fertilized egg implants here and provides nourishment and protection to embryo.

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10
Q

myometrium

A

middle muscular layer of uterus

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11
Q

perimetrium

A

outer layer of uterus

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12
Q

Menstration

A

endometrium is sloughed off when pregnancy does not occur

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13
Q

Menarche

A

first menstrual period

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14
Q

menopause

A

end of menstrual activity and childbearing

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15
Q

vagina

A

thin muscular tube lined with mucous membrane that extends from cervix to outside of the body. This allows for the passage of menstrual flow. during intercourse, receives male penis and semen. Birth canal

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16
Q

vaginal orifice

A

opening of vagina to outside of body

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17
Q

hymen

A

thin membranous tissue that partially covers external vaginal opening

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18
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

secretes mucus for lubrication during intercourse in female body

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19
Q

vulva: labia majora and minora

A

folds of skin that serve as a protective coating for vagina and urinary meatus

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20
Q

clitoris

A

erectile tissue in female reproductive system

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21
Q

Perineum

A

region between vaginal orifice and anus

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22
Q

breasts

A

also called mammary glands or lactiferous glands. produces milk

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23
Q

Lactiferous ducts

A

carry milk to nipple

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24
Q

areola

A

pigmented area around nipple

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25
Q

gestation

A

period of pregnancy- 40 weeks

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26
Q

premature birth

A

birth before 37 weeks of gestation

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27
Q

embryo

A

from implantation into endometrium until 8 weeks; major organs and systems are formed

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28
Q

fetus

A

ninth week until birth, organs mature and begin to function

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29
Q

amnion

A

inner sac that an infant is held in that holds amniotic fluid in which the fetus floats

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30
Q

chorion

A

protective outer sac that forms part of placenta

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31
Q

placenta

A

a spongy blood-filled organ next to the fetus that provides nourishment

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32
Q

afterbirth

A

when the placenta is “birthed”

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33
Q

umbilical cord

A

fetus is attached to placenta by this

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34
Q

dilation stage

A

first stage where strong uterine muscle contractions push fetus against cervix

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35
Q

crowning

A

when head appears during delivery

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36
Q

Effacement

A

thinning of the cervix

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37
Q

Dilation

A

cervix expands to 10 cm

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38
Q

Expulsion stage

A

second stage that begins with full dilation of cervix and ends with birth. where crowning occurs

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39
Q

Placental stage

A

third stage where uterus continues to contract and placenta is delivered

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40
Q

breech birth

A

when fetus’ head does not appear first in birth canal. buttocks first is most common

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41
Q

antepartum

A

period of time before birth

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42
Q

colostrum

A

thin fluid secreted by breast after delivery before actual milk appears

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43
Q

fraternal twins

A

develop from two different ova fertilized by two different sperm

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44
Q

identical twins

A

develop from the splitting of a single fertilized ovum

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45
Q

meconium

A

first bowel movement of newborns

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46
Q

multigravida

A

woman who has been pregnant two or more times

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47
Q

multipara

A

woman who has given birth to a live infant two ore more times

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48
Q

neonate

A

term for a newborn baby

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49
Q

nulligravida

A

woman who has not been pregnant

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50
Q

nullipara

A

woman who has not given birth to a live infant

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51
Q

postpartum

A

period of time just after birth

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52
Q

primigravida

A

woman who is pregnant for the first time

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53
Q

primipara

A

woman who has given birth to a live infant once

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54
Q

gynecololgy

A

branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the female reproductive system.

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55
Q

neonatology

A

medicine specializing in treatment involving newborns

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56
Q

obstetrics

A

branch of medicine dealing with women during pregnancy and childbirth and after.

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57
Q

amenorrhea

A

having no menstrual flow

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58
Q

amniorrhea

A

flow or amniotic fluid when amnion ruptures

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59
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

abnormal or painful menstrual flow

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60
Q

dystocia

A

difficult labor and childbirth

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61
Q

hematosalpinx

A

presence of blood in uterine tube

62
Q

leukorrhea

A

whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge

63
Q

mastalgia

A

breast pain

64
Q

menorrhagia

A

abnormally heavy menstrual flow during normal menstruation time

65
Q

metrorrhea

A

discharge (such as pus or mucus, not menstrual flow) from the utrus

66
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

light menstrual flow

67
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of an ovary

68
Q

ovarian carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of the ovaries

69
Q

ovarian cyst

A

cysts developing in the ovaries; may rupture causing pain and bleeding

70
Q

pyosalpinx

A

presence of pus in a uterine tube

71
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of uterine tube

72
Q

cervical cancer

A

malignant tumor of the cervix

73
Q

endocervicitis

A

inflammation occurring within the cervix

74
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the uterus

75
Q

fibroid tumor

A

benign fibrous tumor in the uterus

76
Q

hysterorrhexis

A

rupture of the uterus

77
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding during menstrual period or between menstrual periods

78
Q

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

symptoms appear before menstrual period; irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety

79
Q

prolapsed uterus

A

fallen uterus; may cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening

80
Q

candidiasis

A

yeast infection of mucous membrane lining of vagina

81
Q

cystocele

A

bladder presses backwards on vaginal wall

82
Q

rectrocele

A

rectum presses forward on vaginal wass

83
Q

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

A

staphylococcus infection occurring in menstruating women; associated with prolonged wearing of super-absorbent tampon

84
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

85
Q

endometriosis

A

occurs when endometrial tissue flows backwards from uterus through fallopian tubes and into pelvic cavity

86
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

bacterial infection that spreads through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity

87
Q

perimetritis

A

inflammation of pelvic cavity around outside of uterus

88
Q

breast cancer

A

malignant tumor of breast tissue

89
Q

fibrocystic breast disease

A

appearance of fibrous tumors in breast tissue; no association with cancer

90
Q

lactorrhea

A

abnormal discharge of milk from breast

91
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of breast

92
Q

abruptio placentae

A

placenta tears away from uterine wall prior to delivery of baby

93
Q

eclampsia

A

convulsions and coma occurring in woman in late stages of pregnancy

94
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

occurs when mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+; mothers antibodies cross the placenta and attack baby’s blood; older name is erythroblastosis fetalis

95
Q

infertility

A

unable to have children after intercourse for one year

96
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta forms low in uterus overlying opening to cervix

97
Q

preeclampsia

A

metabolic disease of pregnancy; may result in true eclamsia; hypertension, headaches, and edema; also called toxemia

98
Q

prolapsed umbilical cord

A

umbilical cord emerges before baby; cutting off blood flow to baby

99
Q

pseudocyesis

A

body acts as if there is a pregnancy, but there is not

100
Q

salpingocyesis

A

pregnancy that occurs in uterine tube instead of uterus

101
Q

spontaneous abortion

A

unplanned loss of pregnancy early on; miscarriage

102
Q

stillbirth

A

death of a fetus of viable age; occurs shortly before or at time of delivery

103
Q

PAP (papanicolau) smear

A

scraping of cervical cells is examined for cancer

104
Q

pregnancy test

A

chemical test to determine pregnancy during first weeks

105
Q

hysterosalpingography (HSG)

A

x-ray of uterus and fallopian tubes after injecting dye in through cervix

106
Q

mammogram

A

x-ray record of breast

107
Q

mammography

A

x-ray of breast for detection of breast cancer

108
Q

pelvic ultrasonography

A

use of ultrasound waves to produce image of pelvic organs or a fetus within the uterus

109
Q

colposcope

A

instrument used to visually examine vagina

110
Q

colposcopy

A

process of visually examining vagina

111
Q

culdoscopy

A

examination of pelvic pavity behind the uterus using a culdoscope introduced through an incision in vaginal wall

112
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument to examine inside of abdominal cavity

113
Q

laparoscopy

A

process of visually examining pelvic cavity and organs

114
Q

amniocentesis

A

removal of amniotic fluid using a needle; used to determine fetal maturity, development, and genetic disorders

115
Q

apgar score

A

evaluates newborn’s adjustment to outside; observes color, heart rate respiratory rate, muscle tone, and response to stimuli

116
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

removal of small piece of chorion for genetic analysis

117
Q

fetal monitoring

A

electronic equipment on mothers abdomen or fetus’s scalp to check heart rate during labor and delivery

118
Q

cervical biopsy

A

removing piece of cervical tissue to examine for cancer

119
Q

endometrial biopsy (EMB)

A

removing a sample of endometrial tissue to examine for cancer

120
Q

pelvic examination

A

physical exam of vagina and adjacent organs; a speculum is used to open vagina

121
Q

barrier contraception

A

prevents sperm from meeting ovum; condoms, diaphragms

122
Q

hormonal contraception

A

using hormones to block ovulation; no ovum to fertilized; pills, patch, implant

123
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

A

device inserted into uterus to prevent pregnancy from establishing

124
Q

amniotomy

A

cutting into the amnion

125
Q

cervicectomy

A

surgical removal of cervix

126
Q

cesarean section (CS, C-section)

A

surgical delivery of baby through abdominal incision

127
Q

conization

A

removal of a core of cervical tissue

128
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

dilation of cervix and scraping away of endometrial lining

129
Q

elective abortion

A

legal termination of a pregnancy for non-medical reasons

130
Q

episiorrhaphy

A

suture the vulva

131
Q

episiotomy

A

incision of perineum to widen birth canal during delivery

132
Q

hymenectomy

A

surgical removal of the hymen

133
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus

134
Q

hysteropexy

A

surgical fixation of the uterus

135
Q

laparotomy

A

cutting into the abdominal cavity

136
Q

lumpectomy

A

removal of breast lump and tissue immediately surrounding it

137
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair of breast

138
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical removal of breast

139
Q

oophorectomy

A

surgical removal of an ovary

140
Q

radical mastectomy

A

removal of breast tissue plus chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes

141
Q

salpingectomy

A

surgical removal of uterine tube

142
Q

simple mastectomy

A

removal of breast tissue

143
Q

therapeutic abortion

A

termination of a pregnancy for the health of mother

144
Q

total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO)

A

removal of the entire uterus, cervix, both fallopian tubes, and both ovaries through and abdominal incision

145
Q

tubal ligation

A

surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to prevent conception

146
Q

vaginal hysterectomy

A

removal of the uterus through vagina rather than an abdominal incision

147
Q

abortifacient

A

terminates a pregnancy

148
Q

fertility drug

A

triggers ovulation

149
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

replacement estrogen after menopause or loss of ovaries

150
Q

oral contraceptive pills (OCPs)

A

prevents conception by blocking ovulation

151
Q

oxytocin

A

improves uterine contractions during labor

Med term (15 decks)

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