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Med term > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system function

A

exchange air

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2
Q

Organs of respiratory system

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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3
Q

Ventilation

A

Flow of air between outside environment and lungs. Includes inhalation and exhalation

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4
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. Oxygen leaves air sacs and enters bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaves the blood stream and enters air sacs

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5
Q

Internal respiration

A

Oxygen carbon dioxide exchange at a cellular level. Oxygen leave the bloodstream and is delivered to tissue and use for metabolism. Carbon dioxide leaves tissues and into his bloodstream as a waste product of metabolism

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6
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Air enters through nares. Covered in mucous membrane, capillaries warm and humidify air

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7
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Located within facial bones, echo chamber for sound production

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

Commonly called the throat, Divided into three sections; nasopharynx, oropharnyx, and larnygopharnyx

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9
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymph attic tissue that removes pathogens in air and food. You have three pairs, adenoids, palatine, and lingual

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10
Q

Eustachian or auditory tube

A

Opening found in nasopharnyx. Opens with each swallow to equalize air pressure between middle ear and outside atmosphere

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11
Q

Larynx

A

Commonly called voicebox; muscular tube between pharynx and trachea. Walls of Larnyx are composed of Cartilage plates held in place by ligaments and muscles

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12
Q

Vocal cords

A

Folds of membranous tissue that vibrates to produce sound as air passes through opening between folds called the glottis

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13
Q

Epiglottis

A

The flap of Cartilage above the glottis that covers the Larynx and trachea during swallowing

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14
Q

Trachea

A

Commonly called the windpipe, carries air from larynx to main bronchi, 4 inches long. Composed of smooth muscle and Cartilage and assists in cleaning, warming and moisturizing air is it travels to the lungs

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15
Q

Bronchial tubes

A

Enters into the lungs, branches to form secondary and tertiary bronchi

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16
Q

Alveoli

A

Bronchi continues to branch to form their own bronchioles which terminate in alveoli

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17
Q

Pulmonary capillaries

A

In case each alveoli. Alveoli wall and capillary wall form respiration membrane

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18
Q

Lungs

A

Protected externally by ribs and internally by a double membrane called pleura. Right lung has three lobes left lung has two lobes

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19
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer membrane that lines wall of chest cavity

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20
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner membrane that adheres to surface of lungs

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21
Q

Pleura

A

folded to form sac around each lung called pleural cavity. Serous fluid between 2 pleural layers reduces friction when they rub together during ventilation

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22
Q

apex

A

pointed superior portion of lung

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23
Q

base

A

broad lower area of lung

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24
Q

hilum

A

entry and exit points such as bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves in the lungs

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25
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air moving in and out in a single relaxed breath

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26
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal inhale

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27
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal exhale

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28
Q

residual volume

A

volume of air remaining in lungs after forced exhale

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29
Q

inspiratory capacity

A

tidal+inspiratory

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30
Q

functional residual capacity

A

expiratory reserve volume+ residual

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31
Q

vital capacity

A

inspiratory reserve+tidal+expiratory

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32
Q

total lung capacity

A

inspiratory reserve+ tidal + expiratory reserve+ residual

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33
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle that separates abdomen from thoracic cavity. contracts and causes decrease in pressure in chest cavity and air enters lungs to equalize pressure

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34
Q

intercostal muscles

A

located between ribs, raises rib cage to enlarge cavity, increases neg. pressure, and assists with forceful inhalation

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35
Q

respiratory rate

A

how many times we breathe in a minute. when co2 level is high, we breathe more rapidly

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36
Q

adult respiratory rate

A

12-20

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37
Q

infant respiratory rate

A

30-60

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38
Q

internal medicine

A

branch of medicine treating conditions of internal organs

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39
Q

otorhinolaryngology

A

branch of medicine that treats conditions of ear, nose, and throat

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40
Q

pulmonology

A

branch of medicine involved in treatment of respiratory system

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41
Q

respiratory therapist

A

health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders by conducting tests, giving breathing treatments, managing ventilator, and monitoring 02 levels

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42
Q

thoracic surgery

A

branch of medicine involving conditions of respiratory system by surgical means

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43
Q

anosmia

A

lack of sense of smell

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44
Q

anoxia

A

unable to obtain oxygen from inhaled air

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45
Q

aphonia

A

unable to produce sound

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46
Q

asphyxia

A

lack of oxygen; can lead to unconsciousness and death

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47
Q

aspiration

A

withdrawing fluid using suction (such as phlegm), or inhaling food or liquid into trachea

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48
Q

bradypnea

A

breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate

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49
Q

bronchiectasis

A

having dialated bronchi

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50
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in bronchial walls

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51
Q

cheyne-stokes respiration

A

abnormal breathing pattern w/ long periods of apnea followed by deep and rapid breathing

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52
Q

clubbing

A

abnormal widening and thickening of fingers due to chronic o2 deficiency

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53
Q

crackles

A

abnormal crackling during inspiration; indicates fluid in lungs; also called rales

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54
Q

cyanosis

A

blue skin caused by low oxygen in blood

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55
Q

dysphonia

A

difficulty producing sound

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56
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult/ labored breathing

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57
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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58
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing rate

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59
Q

hemoptysis

A

cough up blood or blood-stained sputum

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60
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in chest cavity

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61
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive co2 in body

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62
Q

hyperpnea

A

deep breaths

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63
Q

hyperventilation

A

breathing too fast and deep

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64
Q

hypocapnia

A

insufficient co2 in blood

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65
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breaths

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66
Q

hypoventilation

A

breathing too slow and shallow

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67
Q

hypoxia

A

getting insufficient oxygen from inhaled air

68
Q

laryngoplegia

A

paralysis of muscles controlling larynx

69
Q

orthopnea

A

diff. breathing made worse when lying down

70
Q

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of all paranasal sinuses

71
Q

patent

A

open or unblocked

72
Q

phlegm

A

thick mucus secreted in res. tract

73
Q

pleural rub

A

grating sound when pleura rub together

74
Q

pleurodynia

A

pleural pain

75
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in chest cavity

76
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of nasal cavity

77
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

rapid blood flow from nose

78
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

79
Q

rhonchi

A

musical sound during expiration; caused by bronchial tube spasms

80
Q

shortness of breath

A

patient having trouble breathing; also called dyspnea

81
Q

sputum

A

phlegm coughed up

82
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high-pitched breath sound; indicates airway obstruction

83
Q

tachypnea

A

fast breathing

84
Q

thoracalgia

A

chest pain

85
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of trachea

86
Q

croup

A

acute res. condition in kids; barking like cough

87
Q

diphtheria

A

bacterial infection characterized by thick membranous film across throat; high mortality rate

88
Q

naso-pharyngitis

A

inflammation of nose and pharynx; called common cold

89
Q

pertussis

A

bacterial infection of upper res. system; whooping cough

90
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of pharynx; sore throat

91
Q

rhinomycosis

A

fungal infection of nasal cavity

92
Q

asthma

A

diff. breathing caused by bronchospasms, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing

93
Q

bronchiectasis

A

enlarged bronchi due to destruction of bronchial wall; result of infection

94
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchus

95
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

tumor in bronchi

96
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

acute respiratory failure; tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypoxemia

97
Q

anthracosis

A

type of pneumoconiosis; coal dust collecting in lungs; miner’s lungs

98
Q

asbestosis

A

type of pneumoconiosis; asbestos fibers collecting in lungs

99
Q

atelectasis

A

condition in which alveoli in portion of lung collapses; prevents gas exchange

100
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions; like emphysema; lungs have decreased capacity to function

101
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

genetic condition; produces very thick mucus; severe congestion in lungs

102
Q

emphysema

A

chronic lung condition characterized by destruction of alveolar walls

103
Q

histoplasmosis

A

fungal infection of lungs

104
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome

A

more common in premature infants; tachypnea; previously called hyaline membrane disease

105
Q

influenza

A

viral infection of respiratory system

106
Q

legionnaires disease

A

severe bacterial infection causing pneumonia, liver, and kidney damage

107
Q

mycoplasma pneumonia

A

less severe, lasts longer; bacteria; walking pneumonia

108
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

accumulation of foreign particles in lungs

109
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammatory cond. of lungs, alveoli fill with fluid

110
Q

pulmonary edema

A

excessive amount of tissue fluid accumulating in lung tissue

111
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

floating blood clot obstructs pulmonary artery; causes infarct of lung tissue

112
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of fibrous scar tissue in lung; reduced ability to expand lungs

113
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

acute viral infection that begins like flu but quickly progresses; high mortality rate

114
Q

silicosis

A

pneumoconiosis; accumulation of silica dust in lungs

115
Q

sleep apnea

A

breathing stops repeatedly during sleep

116
Q

sudden infant death syndrome

A

unexpected and unexplained death of infant; stops breathing

117
Q

tuberculosis

A

bacterial lung infection; results in inflammation and calcification of lungs

118
Q

empyema

A

accumulation of pus in pleural space; also called pyothorax

119
Q

pleural effusion

A

acc. of fluid in pleural cavity; prevents lungs from fully expanding

120
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of pleura; sharp pain when breathing

121
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air in pleural cavity; may result in collapsed lung

122
Q

arterial blood gases

A

blood test of 02 and c02 levels in blood

123
Q

sputum culture and sensitivity

A

cultures sputum for bacterial growth; then determines best antibiotic

124
Q

sputum cytology

A

examine sputum for malignant cells

125
Q

bronchogram

A

x-ray record of lungs

126
Q

bronchography

A

x-ray of lung after inhaling radiopaque substance

127
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

x-ray of lungs after injecting dye into blood vessel

128
Q

ventilation-perfusion scan

A

nuclear med. test; radioactive air is inhaled for ventilation portion; radioactive dye is injected for perfusion portion; looks for pulmonary embolism

129
Q

bronchoscope

A

instrument used to visually examine bronchial tubes

130
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of bronchial tubes using bronchoscope

131
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument used to visually examine larynx

132
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of larynx using laryngoscope

133
Q

oximeter

A

instrument to measure oxygen

134
Q

oximetry

A

measures oxygen level in blood

135
Q

pulmonary function test

A

group of tests to measure air flow in and out of lungs, lung volume, and gas exchange

136
Q

spirometer

A

instrument used to measure lung capacity

137
Q

spirometry

A

measures lung capacity with spirometer

138
Q

polysomnography

A

monitoring patient sleeping to identify sleep apnea

139
Q

sweat test

A

test for cystic fibrosis; more salt in sweat

140
Q

tuberculin skin tests

A

introducing purified protein derivation under skin; determines if person has been exposed to TB

141
Q

aerosol therapy

A

meds suspended in a mist and inhaled; delivered by nebulizer or inhaler

142
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

placing tube into trachea to keep airway open

143
Q

intermittent positive pressure breathing

A

method for assisting patients in breathing with a machine that produces increase in pos. thoracic pressure

144
Q

postural drainage

A

drainage of bronchial secretions by placing patient in positions using gravity to promote drainage; CF treatment

145
Q

supplement oxygen therapy

A

providing additional oxygen concentration to improve levels in bloodstream

146
Q

ventilator

A

machine that does artificial ventilation

147
Q

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of broncus

148
Q

laryngectomy

A

surgical removal of larynx

149
Q

lobectomy

A

surgical removal of lung lobe

150
Q

pleurocentesis

A

withdrawing fluid from pleural space

151
Q

pneumonectomy

A

surgical removal of entire lung

152
Q

rhinoplasty

A

repair of nose

153
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture of chest wall to remove fluid; also called thoracocentesis

154
Q

thoracostomy

A

insertion of tube into chest to drain fluid or air

155
Q

thoracotomy

A

cutting into chest cavity

156
Q

tracheotomy

A

emergency procedure to create an opening directly into trachea so person can breath easier; also called tracheostomy

157
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

emergency treatment given when respiration and heart stops

158
Q

Heimlich maneuver

A

technique for removing foreign body obstructing trachea or pharynx

159
Q

percussion

A

using fingers to tap on surface to determine condition beneath surface

160
Q

antibiotic

A

kills bacteria

161
Q

antihistamine

A

blocks histamine released during allergy attack

162
Q

antitussive

A

relieves urge to cough

163
Q

bronchodilator

A

relaxes bronchospasms; treats asthma

164
Q

corticosteroids

A

reduces inflammation of resp. tract

165
Q

decongestant

A

reduces congestion in respiratory system

166
Q

expectorant

A

improves ability to cough up mucus

167
Q

mucolytic

A

liquefies mucus so it is easier to cough up

Med term (15 decks)

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