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Med term > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system function

A

exchange air

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2
Q

Organs of respiratory system

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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3
Q

Ventilation

A

Flow of air between outside environment and lungs. Includes inhalation and exhalation

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4
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. Oxygen leaves air sacs and enters bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaves the blood stream and enters air sacs

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5
Q

Internal respiration

A

Oxygen carbon dioxide exchange at a cellular level. Oxygen leave the bloodstream and is delivered to tissue and use for metabolism. Carbon dioxide leaves tissues and into his bloodstream as a waste product of metabolism

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6
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Air enters through nares. Covered in mucous membrane, capillaries warm and humidify air

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7
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Located within facial bones, echo chamber for sound production

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8
Q

Pharynx

A

Commonly called the throat, Divided into three sections; nasopharynx, oropharnyx, and larnygopharnyx

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9
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymph attic tissue that removes pathogens in air and food. You have three pairs, adenoids, palatine, and lingual

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10
Q

Eustachian or auditory tube

A

Opening found in nasopharnyx. Opens with each swallow to equalize air pressure between middle ear and outside atmosphere

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11
Q

Larynx

A

Commonly called voicebox; muscular tube between pharynx and trachea. Walls of Larnyx are composed of Cartilage plates held in place by ligaments and muscles

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12
Q

Vocal cords

A

Folds of membranous tissue that vibrates to produce sound as air passes through opening between folds called the glottis

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13
Q

Epiglottis

A

The flap of Cartilage above the glottis that covers the Larynx and trachea during swallowing

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14
Q

Trachea

A

Commonly called the windpipe, carries air from larynx to main bronchi, 4 inches long. Composed of smooth muscle and Cartilage and assists in cleaning, warming and moisturizing air is it travels to the lungs

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15
Q

Bronchial tubes

A

Enters into the lungs, branches to form secondary and tertiary bronchi

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16
Q

Alveoli

A

Bronchi continues to branch to form their own bronchioles which terminate in alveoli

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17
Q

Pulmonary capillaries

A

In case each alveoli. Alveoli wall and capillary wall form respiration membrane

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18
Q

Lungs

A

Protected externally by ribs and internally by a double membrane called pleura. Right lung has three lobes left lung has two lobes

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19
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Outer membrane that lines wall of chest cavity

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20
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner membrane that adheres to surface of lungs

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21
Q

Pleura

A

folded to form sac around each lung called pleural cavity. Serous fluid between 2 pleural layers reduces friction when they rub together during ventilation

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22
Q

apex

A

pointed superior portion of lung

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23
Q

base

A

broad lower area of lung

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24
Q

hilum

A

entry and exit points such as bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves in the lungs

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25
tidal volume
volume of air moving in and out in a single relaxed breath
26
inspiratory reserve volume
volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after normal inhale
27
expiratory reserve volume
volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal exhale
28
residual volume
volume of air remaining in lungs after forced exhale
29
inspiratory capacity
tidal+inspiratory
30
functional residual capacity
expiratory reserve volume+ residual
31
vital capacity
inspiratory reserve+tidal+expiratory
32
total lung capacity
inspiratory reserve+ tidal + expiratory reserve+ residual
33
diaphragm
muscle that separates abdomen from thoracic cavity. contracts and causes decrease in pressure in chest cavity and air enters lungs to equalize pressure
34
intercostal muscles
located between ribs, raises rib cage to enlarge cavity, increases neg. pressure, and assists with forceful inhalation
35
respiratory rate
how many times we breathe in a minute. when co2 level is high, we breathe more rapidly
36
adult respiratory rate
12-20
37
infant respiratory rate
30-60
38
internal medicine
branch of medicine treating conditions of internal organs
39
otorhinolaryngology
branch of medicine that treats conditions of ear, nose, and throat
40
pulmonology
branch of medicine involved in treatment of respiratory system
41
respiratory therapist
health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders by conducting tests, giving breathing treatments, managing ventilator, and monitoring 02 levels
42
thoracic surgery
branch of medicine involving conditions of respiratory system by surgical means
43
anosmia
lack of sense of smell
44
anoxia
unable to obtain oxygen from inhaled air
45
aphonia
unable to produce sound
46
asphyxia
lack of oxygen; can lead to unconsciousness and death
47
aspiration
withdrawing fluid using suction (such as phlegm), or inhaling food or liquid into trachea
48
bradypnea
breathing too slowly; low respiratory rate
49
bronchiectasis
having dialated bronchi
50
bronchospasm
involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in bronchial walls
51
cheyne-stokes respiration
abnormal breathing pattern w/ long periods of apnea followed by deep and rapid breathing
52
clubbing
abnormal widening and thickening of fingers due to chronic o2 deficiency
53
crackles
abnormal crackling during inspiration; indicates fluid in lungs; also called rales
54
cyanosis
blue skin caused by low oxygen in blood
55
dysphonia
difficulty producing sound
56
dyspnea
difficult/ labored breathing
57
epistaxis
nosebleed
58
eupnea
normal breathing rate
59
hemoptysis
cough up blood or blood-stained sputum
60
hemothorax
blood in chest cavity
61
hypercapnia
excessive co2 in body
62
hyperpnea
deep breaths
63
hyperventilation
breathing too fast and deep
64
hypocapnia
insufficient co2 in blood
65
hypopnea
shallow breaths
66
hypoventilation
breathing too slow and shallow
67
hypoxia
getting insufficient oxygen from inhaled air
68
laryngoplegia
paralysis of muscles controlling larynx
69
orthopnea
diff. breathing made worse when lying down
70
pansinusitis
inflammation of all paranasal sinuses
71
patent
open or unblocked
72
phlegm
thick mucus secreted in res. tract
73
pleural rub
grating sound when pleura rub together
74
pleurodynia
pleural pain
75
pyothorax
pus in chest cavity
76
rhinitis
inflammation of nasal cavity
77
rhinorrhagia
rapid blood flow from nose
78
rhinorrhea
runny nose
79
rhonchi
musical sound during expiration; caused by bronchial tube spasms
80
shortness of breath
patient having trouble breathing; also called dyspnea
81
sputum
phlegm coughed up
82
stridor
harsh, high-pitched breath sound; indicates airway obstruction
83
tachypnea
fast breathing
84
thoracalgia
chest pain
85
tracheostenosis
narrowing of trachea
86
croup
acute res. condition in kids; barking like cough
87
diphtheria
bacterial infection characterized by thick membranous film across throat; high mortality rate
88
naso-pharyngitis
inflammation of nose and pharynx; called common cold
89
pertussis
bacterial infection of upper res. system; whooping cough
90
pharyngitis
inflammation of pharynx; sore throat
91
rhinomycosis
fungal infection of nasal cavity
92
asthma
diff. breathing caused by bronchospasms, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing
93
bronchiectasis
enlarged bronchi due to destruction of bronchial wall; result of infection
94
bronchitis
inflammation of bronchus
95
bronchogenic carcinoma
tumor in bronchi
96
adult respiratory distress syndrome
acute respiratory failure; tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypoxemia
97
anthracosis
type of pneumoconiosis; coal dust collecting in lungs; miner's lungs
98
asbestosis
type of pneumoconiosis; asbestos fibers collecting in lungs
99
atelectasis
condition in which alveoli in portion of lung collapses; prevents gas exchange
100
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions; like emphysema; lungs have decreased capacity to function
101
cystic fibrosis
genetic condition; produces very thick mucus; severe congestion in lungs
102
emphysema
chronic lung condition characterized by destruction of alveolar walls
103
histoplasmosis
fungal infection of lungs
104
infant respiratory distress syndrome
more common in premature infants; tachypnea; previously called hyaline membrane disease
105
influenza
viral infection of respiratory system
106
legionnaires disease
severe bacterial infection causing pneumonia, liver, and kidney damage
107
mycoplasma pneumonia
less severe, lasts longer; bacteria; walking pneumonia
108
pneumoconiosis
accumulation of foreign particles in lungs
109
pneumonia
inflammatory cond. of lungs, alveoli fill with fluid
110
pulmonary edema
excessive amount of tissue fluid accumulating in lung tissue
111
pulmonary embolism
floating blood clot obstructs pulmonary artery; causes infarct of lung tissue
112
pulmonary fibrosis
formation of fibrous scar tissue in lung; reduced ability to expand lungs
113
severe acute respiratory syndrome
acute viral infection that begins like flu but quickly progresses; high mortality rate
114
silicosis
pneumoconiosis; accumulation of silica dust in lungs
115
sleep apnea
breathing stops repeatedly during sleep
116
sudden infant death syndrome
unexpected and unexplained death of infant; stops breathing
117
tuberculosis
bacterial lung infection; results in inflammation and calcification of lungs
118
empyema
accumulation of pus in pleural space; also called pyothorax
119
pleural effusion
acc. of fluid in pleural cavity; prevents lungs from fully expanding
120
pleurisy
inflammation of pleura; sharp pain when breathing
121
pneumothorax
collection of air in pleural cavity; may result in collapsed lung
122
arterial blood gases
blood test of 02 and c02 levels in blood
123
sputum culture and sensitivity
cultures sputum for bacterial growth; then determines best antibiotic
124
sputum cytology
examine sputum for malignant cells
125
bronchogram
x-ray record of lungs
126
bronchography
x-ray of lung after inhaling radiopaque substance
127
pulmonary angiography
x-ray of lungs after injecting dye into blood vessel
128
ventilation-perfusion scan
nuclear med. test; radioactive air is inhaled for ventilation portion; radioactive dye is injected for perfusion portion; looks for pulmonary embolism
129
bronchoscope
instrument used to visually examine bronchial tubes
130
bronchoscopy
visual examination of bronchial tubes using bronchoscope
131
laryngoscope
instrument used to visually examine larynx
132
laryngoscopy
visual examination of larynx using laryngoscope
133
oximeter
instrument to measure oxygen
134
oximetry
measures oxygen level in blood
135
pulmonary function test
group of tests to measure air flow in and out of lungs, lung volume, and gas exchange
136
spirometer
instrument used to measure lung capacity
137
spirometry
measures lung capacity with spirometer
138
polysomnography
monitoring patient sleeping to identify sleep apnea
139
sweat test
test for cystic fibrosis; more salt in sweat
140
tuberculin skin tests
introducing purified protein derivation under skin; determines if person has been exposed to TB
141
aerosol therapy
meds suspended in a mist and inhaled; delivered by nebulizer or inhaler
142
endotracheal intubation
placing tube into trachea to keep airway open
143
intermittent positive pressure breathing
method for assisting patients in breathing with a machine that produces increase in pos. thoracic pressure
144
postural drainage
drainage of bronchial secretions by placing patient in positions using gravity to promote drainage; CF treatment
145
supplement oxygen therapy
providing additional oxygen concentration to improve levels in bloodstream
146
ventilator
machine that does artificial ventilation
147
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of broncus
148
laryngectomy
surgical removal of larynx
149
lobectomy
surgical removal of lung lobe
150
pleurocentesis
withdrawing fluid from pleural space
151
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of entire lung
152
rhinoplasty
repair of nose
153
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of chest wall to remove fluid; also called thoracocentesis
154
thoracostomy
insertion of tube into chest to drain fluid or air
155
thoracotomy
cutting into chest cavity
156
tracheotomy
emergency procedure to create an opening directly into trachea so person can breath easier; also called tracheostomy
157
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
emergency treatment given when respiration and heart stops
158
Heimlich maneuver
technique for removing foreign body obstructing trachea or pharynx
159
percussion
using fingers to tap on surface to determine condition beneath surface
160
antibiotic
kills bacteria
161
antihistamine
blocks histamine released during allergy attack
162
antitussive
relieves urge to cough
163
bronchodilator
relaxes bronchospasms; treats asthma
164
corticosteroids
reduces inflammation of resp. tract
165
decongestant
reduces congestion in respiratory system
166
expectorant
improves ability to cough up mucus
167
mucolytic
liquefies mucus so it is easier to cough up

Med term (15 decks)

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