Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med term > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of digestive system

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion of food, absorption of nutrients molecules, elimination of solid waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organs of the Gastrointestinal tract

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Digestive system accessory organs

A

Pancreas, liver, gallbladder, salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Palate

A

Top of oral cavity, has a bony anterior and a soft, flexible posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Uvula

A

Hanging down from soft palate, Aids in speech production and location of gag reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oral cavity

A

Covered in a mucous membrane. Mechanically breaks up food by chewing and mixes with saliva, which contains Amalase, to digest food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cutting teeth

A

Incisors and cuspids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Grinding teeth

A

Bicuspids and molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enamel

A

Outer covering and crown only, is the hardest substance in tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dentin

A

Under enamel and crown and root. It’s bulk of tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pulp cavity

A

In crown and root canals, blood vessels, nerves

Cementum and periodontal ligaments anchor root in jawbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Baby teeth, 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Permanent teeth

A

32 adult teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Esophagus

A

Chute from oral cavity to stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wavelike muscular movements; can push food through esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chyme

A

Watery mix of food and digestive juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stomach parts

A

Fundus: upper part

Body: main section

Antrum: lower part

Rugae: Folds in stomach lining that stretch out to allow stomach to expand with food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

Keeps food from backing up into esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Allows highly acidic chyme to enter small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Small intestine

A

Absorbs water, average is 20 feet, has 3 parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Duodenum

A

First section of small intestine that starts at the pyloric sphincter and is about 10 to 12 inches long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Jejunum

A

Second section of small intestine about 8 feet long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ileum

A

Third section about 12 feet long, connects to colon at ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Large intestine

A

Fluid that remains after digestion and absorption enters colon. Consists of ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Salivary glands

A

Saliva and food make a bolus, Saliva contains amalase which begins digestion of carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Three pairs of salivary gland’s

A

Parotid gland, sublingual gland, and submandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Liver

A

Processes nutrients and detoxifies harmful substances. Produces bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Emulsification

A

Break up large fat globules into small droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile, common bile duct carries bile to duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pancreas

A

Secretes digestive juices such as buffers, which neutralized acidic chyme, and enzymes that digest macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Dentistry

A

Branch of healthcare that treats conditions involving the teeth, jaws, and mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Branch of medicine involved in treating disorders of digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Oral surgery

A

Branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Orthodontics

A

Branch of dentistry concerned with correction of problems with tooth alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Periodontics

A

Branch of dentistry that treats conditions involving gums and tissues surrounding the teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Proctology

A

Branch of medicine involved in Treatment of diseases of the anus and rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite with other condition; different from anorexia nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Aphagia

A

Being unable to swallow or eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ascites

A

Collection of fluid in peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Bradypepsia

A

Having a slow digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cachexia

A

Loss of weight and wasting occurring during chronic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Cholecystalgia

A

Gallbladder pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dentalgia

A

Tooth pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Dysorexia

A

Having an abnormal, usually diminished, appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion; having an upset stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dysphagia

A

Having difficulty swallowing or eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Gastralgia

A

Stomach pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passing Bright red blood in stools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Excessive vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow cast to skin; caused by deposit of bile pigments; often caused by liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Melena

A

Passage of dark tarry stool, due to digested blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

56
Q

Pyrosis

A

Stomach acid splashing into esophagus; heartburn

57
Q

Regurgitation

A

Backflow of stomach contents into mouth

58
Q

Apthous ulcers

A

Ulcers in the mouth; commonly called canker source

59
Q

Dental caries

A

Cavity

60
Q

Herpes labialis

A

Herpes simplex virus type one infection; fever blisters or cold sores

61
Q

Periodontal disease

A

Disease of supporting structures around the teeth; especially the gums; most common cause of tooth loss

62
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of a salivary gland

63
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Varicose vein’s in the esophagus; hemorrhaging occurs if rupture

64
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

Acid from the stomach flows backwards up into esophagus causing inflammation and pain

65
Q

Pharyngoplegia

A

Paralysis in throat muscles

66
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

67
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of stomach through diaphragm into thoracic cavity; also called diaphragmatocele

68
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

Ulcer in the lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and or duodenum; caused by high acid of stomach juices

69
Q

Anal fistula

A

abnormal passageway from surface directly into rectum; around anal opening

70
Q

Bowel incontinence

A

Inability to control defecation

71
Q

Colorectal carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor in the colon or rectum

72
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, primarily in ileum or colon, results in scarring

73
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of a diverticulum, and out pouching off the colon; Results from food being trapped inside

74
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Condition of having diverticula, may lead to diverticulitis

75
Q

Dysentery

A

Diarrhea with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, and fever; caused by contaminated food or water

76
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of small intestine

77
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in anal region

78
Q

Ileus

A

Severe abdominal pain, inability to defecate, abdominal distention; caused by intestinal blockage

79
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Protrusion of a loop of bowel through abdominal muscle and into groin region; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle pinches the loop of Bowel

80
Q

Intussusception

A

One part of intestine slips or telescopes into another section

81
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Disturbance and function of intestine for unknown reasons; causes abdominal cramping and alternating diarrhea and constipation; also called functional bowel syndrome

82
Q

Polyposis

A

Having polyps, tumor with a stem-like attachment, growing on the mucous membrane of the colon; may become cancerous

83
Q

proctoptosis

A

prolapse or drooping rectum

84
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammatory condition with numerous small ulcers on the lining of the colon; also called inflammatory bowel disease

85
Q

volvulus

A

bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction

86
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

87
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones

88
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of liver; usually due to viral infection

89
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease due to liver failure

90
Q

alanine transaminase

A

normal enzyme in the bloodstream; increased levels indicate liver disease

91
Q

aspartate transaminase

A

normal enzyme in bloodstream; increased levels indicate liver disease

92
Q

fecal occult blood test

A

examines feces fro microscopic amounts of blood; also called hemocrit

93
Q

ova and parasites

A

examination of feces for presence of parasites or eggs

94
Q

serum bilirubin

A

determines amount of bilirubin in bloodstream; indicates liver disease

95
Q

stool culture

A

culture of feces to look for presence of pathogenic bacteria

96
Q

bite wing x-ray

A

x-ray of teeth with film holder held in the teeth

97
Q

cholecystogram

A

x-ray record of gallbladder

98
Q

intravenous cholecystography

A

x-ray of gallbladder and bile ducts after intravenous injection of dye

99
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

x-ray of colon and rectum after barium dye injected via an enema; also called a barium enema

100
Q

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

A

x-ray of liver and bile duct after dye is injected into liver

101
Q

upper gastrointestinal series

A

x-ray of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after swallowing barium; also called barium swallow

102
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography

A

visual examine inside hepatic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct

103
Q

esophagogastro-duodenoscopy

A

using a scope to view inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

104
Q

gastroscope

A

instrument used to visually examine the stomach

105
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument used to visually examine inside of abdominal cavity

106
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

process of visually examining inside of sigmoid colon

107
Q

paracentesis

A

insertion of needle into abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid

108
Q

bridge

A

dental appliance attached to adjacent teeth to replace missing teeth

109
Q

crown

A

artificial tooth to replace original crown

110
Q

implant (tooth)

A

prosthetic device in jaw to anchor a tooth

111
Q

root canal

A

drilling out of pulp cavity of a tooth; used to save a badly infected tooth

112
Q

gavage

A

placing liquid nourishment via nasogastric tube

113
Q

lavage

A

washing out stomach using a nasogastric tube

114
Q

total parenteral nutrition

A

providing 100% of patient nutrition; used when patient is unable to eat

115
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical creation of a connection b/w two organs; like joining together two sections of colon

116
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of appendix

117
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgical procedure to treat morbid obesity

118
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of gallbladder

119
Q

choledocholithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct

120
Q

exploratory laparotomy

A

surgical procedure to examine the abdominal organs

121
Q

gastrectomy

A

removal of stomach

122
Q

gastric stapling

A

procedure to close off large section of stomach with rows of staples; results in much smaller stomach

123
Q

gastrostomy

A

surgical procedure to create a new opening into the stomach through abdominal wall

124
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

125
Q

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of gallbladder through a laparoscopic incision

126
Q

laparotomy

A

to cut into the abdominal cavity

127
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the palate

128
Q

pharyngoplasty

A

surgical repair of pharynx

129
Q

proctopexy

A

surgical fixation of the rectum and anus

130
Q

anorexiant

A

suppresses appetite to treat obesity

131
Q

antacid

A

neutralizes stomach acid

132
Q

antidiarrheal

A

used to control diarrhea

133
Q

antiematic

A

treats nausea and vomiting

134
Q

antivirals

A

treat herpes simplex infection

135
Q

h2 receptor antagonist

A

blocks the production of stomach acid

136
Q

laxative

A

stimulates bowel movements

137
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

blocks stomachs ability to secrete acid

Med term (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions