TERMS

Question 1

increased secretion of too much growth hormone

enlargement of extremities
-soft tissue, cartilage, bone

increased resorption of bone too at certain sites of body

Answer 1

acromegaly

Question 2

most common of the benign cartilaginous tumors, body wide, not really in the foot

hyaline cartilage capped bony protrusion on the external surface of bone (exostotic lesion)

metaphyseal lesion in long bone

Answer 2

osteochondroma

Question 3

arises w/in bone in the medullary cavity of single bone, prob from embryonicm rest derived from physis

most common bone tumor of the phalanges, more in the hands than feet

does not cross the growth plat

2nd most common benign cartilaginous neoplasm

Answer 3

enchondroma

Question 4

rare, benign bone tumor that arises almost always in the epiphyseal end of bone

mostly in long bones

usually occurs before skeletal maturity

slow growing, chronic dull pain

pathologic fractures rare

Answer 4

chondroblastoma

Question 5

off axis lesions, eccentric

not exostotic

a benign composed of immature fibromyxoid mesenchymal tissue along w/ features of early primative cartilaginous differentiation

2:1 M:F

arises in metaphysis, lower extremity>upper extremity

slow growing

will not cross open growth plate

Answer 5

chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF)

Question 6

pathologic continuity of the structure as w/ an exostosis

autosomal dominant
-chromosome 8 (EXT1) and 11(EXT2)

arise early, multiple body wide and picked up early (10ish)

high frequency of ankle, foot, hand involvement

Answer 6

diaphyseal aclasis (HME)

Question 7

mulitple enchondromas, bilateral, involving metaphyses and diaphysis

Answer 7

enchondromatosis

Question 8

extensive skeletal enchondromatosis w/ a predominantly unilateral distribution

metaphyses, diaphysis

affects the length of the bone

risk of malignant transformation

Answer 8

ollier disease

Question 9

enchondramatosis and ST hemangiomatosis

Answer 9

maffucci syndrome

Question 10

well defined cyst like fibrous metaphyseal lesions of children

intracortical (hug cortex)

a small percentage may persist and proliferate into the medullary cavity

average of diagnosis is 13 y/o
80% occur before age 2-

Answer 10

fibrous cortical defect

Question 11

an evolutionary form of fibrous cortical defect which extends unequally from the cortex into the medullary cavity

typically in the LE

• distal femur
• tibia
• proximal and distal fibula
• rare in small bones of hands and feet

Answer 11

non-ossifying fibroma

Question 12

associated w/ mulitple non-ossifying fibromas

clinically=cafe, hypogonadism, mental retardation

Answer 12

jaffe campanacci syndrome

Question 13

benign osteoblastic lesion characterized by a small, well demarcated neurovascular core (nidus)

younger adults/teens

distribution
LE>UE
-proximal femur is most common
-foot, talar neck adn calcaneus

male>female

Answer 13

osteoid osteoma

Question 14

non neoplastic, lytic fluid filled lesion of uncertain origin found in child hood and adolescence juxtaposed to open physis

3-4% of all bone tumors

M>F, 9 y/o

proximal humerus 50-60%, also around the proximal femoral metaphysis and proximal tibia

also found in neutral triangle of foot

lesions arise in the metaphysis and once in the diaphysis really become inactive

Answer 14

simple bone cyst

Question 15

simple bone cyst
intraosseous lipoma***
pseudocystic neutral triangle
aneurysmal bone cyst

Answer 15

cystic lesion of the calcaneal body

Question 16

benign bone lesion that is neither cyst nor neoplasm, reactive vascular process of bone secondary to trauma and capable of very rapid expansion

blood filled cyst separated by fibrous stroma

Answer 16

aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 17

an aggressive lesion characterized by well vascularized tissue comprised of plump, spindly, or ovoid stromal cells plus numerous multi nucleated giant cells

Answer 17

giant cell tumors