Teratogens Flashcards
ACE inhibitors
Renal damage
Alkylating agents
Absence of digits, multiple anomalies
Aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
Carbamazepine
NTDs, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies
Folate antagonists
NTDs
Lithium
Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)
Methimazole
Aplasia cutis congenita
Phenytoin
Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic mails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability
Tetracyclines
Discolored teeth
Thalidomide
Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia–flipper limbs)
Valproate
Inhibition of maternal folate absorption–NTDs
Valproate mnemonic
ValproATE inhibits folATE absorption
Warfarin
Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
Alcohol
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Mirocephaly, holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, heart defects
Cocaine
Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction; placental abruption
Smoking (nicotine, CO)
Low birth weight in developed countries; associated with preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD
Iodine (lack of excess)
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
Maternal diabetes
Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects ,NTDs
Vitamin A excess
Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
X-rays
Microcephaly, intellectual disability
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissues, hypertelorism, MR
