Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

NTDs, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Question 5

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer 5

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

NTDs

Question 7

Lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 8

Methimazole

Answer 8

Aplasia cutis congenita

Question 9

Phenytoin

Answer 9

Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic mails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability

Question 10

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

Discolored teeth

Question 11

Thalidomide

Answer 11

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia–flipper limbs)

Question 12

Valproate

Answer 12

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption–NTDs

Question 13

Valproate mnemonic

Answer 13

ValproATE inhibits folATE absorption

Question 14

Warfarin

Answer 14

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Question 15

Alcohol

Answer 15

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Mirocephaly, holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, heart defects

Question 16

Cocaine

Answer 16

Abnormal fetal growth and fetal addiction; placental abruption

Question 17

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 17

Low birth weight in developed countries; associated with preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Question 18

Iodine (lack of excess)

Answer 18

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Question 19

Maternal diabetes

Answer 19

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects ,NTDs

Question 20

Vitamin A excess

Answer 20

Extremely high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Question 21

X-rays

Answer 21

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

Question 22

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 22

Smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissues, hypertelorism, MR