Temporal & Oral Regions

Question 1

where are most of salivary gland tumors?

Answer 1

parotid gland

Question 2

what is a parotidectomy?

Answer 2

removal of parotid gland

Question 3

which nerve is in jeopardy during a parotidectomy?

Answer 3

CN VII

Question 4

the parotid duct can be infected with?

Answer 4

infectious agents such as mumps

Question 5

parotiditis?

Answer 5

inflammation of parotid

Question 6

what is the parotid papilla?

Answer 6

small projection at opening of duct into superior oral vestibule

Question 7

what is a sign of mumps?

Answer 7

redness of parotid papilla

Question 8

where can parotid gland disease cause pain?

Answer 8

auricle, external acoustic meatus, TMJ from auriculotemporal and great auricular nerves

Question 9

a bacterial infection of parotid gland causes?

Answer 9

abscess in parotid gland

Question 10

what is sialography?

Answer 10

radiopaque fluid injected into duct system of parotid gland through a cannula to find blockage

Question 11

what is a sialolith?

Answer 11

calcified blockage of parotid duct

Question 12

what is painful if a person has a sialolith?

Answer 12

sucking a lemon because of build up of saliva in proximal duct

Question 13

where would an accessory parotid gland be located?

Answer 13

on masseter between parotid duct and zygomatic arch

Question 14

how would you give a mandibular nerve block?

Answer 14

anesthetic is injected through mandibular notch of ramus into infratemporal fossa

Question 15

which nerves does a mandibular nerve block also affect?

Answer 15

auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual, and buccal nerves (V3 branches)

Question 16

where is the site of injection for an inferior alveolar nerve block?

Answer 16

mandibular foramen

Question 17

if an inferior alveolar nerve block goes wrong, and the medial pterygoid muscle is anesthetized, what happens?

Answer 17

pterygoid trismus (can’t open mouth!)

Question 18

excessive contractions of lateral pterygoids can cause?

Answer 18

heads of mandible to dislocate anteriorly

Question 19

what’s a common cause of TMJ dislocation?

Answer 19

trauma, blow to face

Question 20

what prevents posterior TMJ dislocation?

Answer 20

postglenoid tuberacle and intrinsic lateral ligament of the joint

Question 21

injury to which nerves create laxity and instability of TMJ?

Answer 21

auriculotemporal nerve

Question 22

what causes inflammation of TMJ?

Answer 22

degenerative arthritis

Question 23

abnormal TMJ function causes?

Answer 23

crepitus (joint clicking) and dental occlusion

Question 24

why can lips lose body heat easily?

Answer 24

they have abundant and superficial arterial blood supply

Question 25

why does cyanosis of the lips happen?

Answer 25

sympathetics redirect blood back to body to reduce heat loss in the body

Question 26

what is a frenulectomy?

Answer 26

resection of the superior labial frenulum and underlying CT

Question 27

what can cause gingival recession?

Answer 27

lower labial frenulum

Question 28

what is gingivitis?

Answer 28

inflammation of the gums from improper oral hygiene

Question 29

what is periodontitis?

Answer 29

inflammation of alveolar bone caused by untreated gingivitis

Question 30

what is a dento-alveolar abscess?

Answer 30

pus from death of inflammed dental tissues

Question 31

what's a dental cary?

Answer 31

cavity

Question 32

a deep carious lesion of the pulp causes?

Answer 32

infection and pulpitis and toothache

Question 33

what causes peri-apical disease?

Answer 33

if a cavity goes untreated, the arteries in the roots can decay and infection can spread to periodontal tissues

Question 34

pus from abscess of maxillary tooth can go where?

Answer 34

nasal cavity or maxillary sinus

Question 35

abscess formation of mandibular teeth can cause?

Answer 35

can compress inferior alveolar nerve in mandibular canal which is referred to the anterior mandibular teeth

Question 36

where is a single accessory tooth usually found?

Answer 36

anterior maxilla

Question 37

whats the most common accessory tooth?

Answer 37

mesiodens (malformed tooth between maxillary central incisor teeth)

Question 38

whats the difference between an accessory tooth and a supernumerary tooth?

Answer 38

- accessory: malformed | - supernumerary: looks like a normal tooth

Question 39

the lingual nerve is medial to?

Answer 39

3rd molar teeth

Question 40

damage to lingual nerve causes?

Answer 40

altered sensation to ipsilateral side of tongue

Question 41

unerupted 3rd molars are also called? when do they erupt?

Answer 41

wisdom teeth; early 20s

Question 42

what's a common problem with 3rd molars?

Answer 42

they can become impacted against/under 2nd molars

Question 43

removal of the 3rd molars can cause damage to which nerve?

Answer 43

alveolar nerves

Question 44

where does a nasopalantine block get injected?

Answer 44

incisive fossa of hard palate (needle inserted posterior to incisive papilla

Question 45

how do you anesthetize the greater palantine nerve?

Answer 45

stick needle into greater palatine foramen (between 2nd and 3rd molars)

Question 46

what causes an individual to gag?

Answer 46

when the posterior aspect of the tongue is touched

Question 47

which nerves are responsible for the muscular gag reflex of pharynx?

Answer 47

CN IX and X

Question 48

what nerve provides afferent limb of gag reflex?

Answer 48

glossopharyngeal branches

Question 49

what happens when the genioglossus muscles are paralyzed?

Answer 49

tongue falls posteriorly which obstructs the airway and can cause suffocation

Question 50

why is an airway tube inserted during general anesthesia?

Answer 50

general anesthesia causes total relaxation of genioglossus muscles --> no airway without tube

Question 51

fracture to mandible can cause?

Answer 51

damage to CN XII and thus atrophy of one side of tongue

Question 52

when CN XII is damaged, what side does the affected tongue deviate to during protrusion?

Answer 52

same side as lesion (lick your sores!) because of unopposed action of opposite genioglossus

Question 53

what area is known for having quick absorption of drugs?

Answer 53

under the tongue to deep lingual veins (absorption in less than a minute)

Question 54

what is sublingual absorption of drugs useful for?

Answer 54

nitroglycerin for patients with angina pectoris

Question 55

where does a lingual carcinoma in the posterior tongue metastasize to?

Answer 55

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 56

where and when does an anterior lingual carcinoma metastasize to?

Answer 56

- inferior deep cervical nodes | - late in disease

Question 57

where are other metastastic sites for lingual carcinomas?

Answer 57

- submental/submandibular regions | - along IJV in neck

Question 58

what causes tongue tie?

Answer 58

large frenulum of tongue

Question 59

how is a frenulum dealt with?

Answer 59

frenectomy to allow infants to successfully eat

Question 60

why would a submandibular gland be excised?

Answer 60

calculus in its duct or tumor in the gland

Question 61

which nerves should be spared in a submandibular gland excision?

Answer 61

- marginal mandibular branch of CN VII | - lingual nerve if duct during removal of duct

Question 62

which salivary glands can a sialogram be performed on?

Answer 62

parotid and submandibular (sublingual's duct is too small)