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Anatomy Exam 3 Blue Boxes > Temporal & Oral Regions > Flashcards

Temporal & Oral Regions Flashcards

1
Q

where are most of salivary gland tumors?

A

parotid gland

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2
Q

what is a parotidectomy?

A

removal of parotid gland

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3
Q

which nerve is in jeopardy during a parotidectomy?

A

CN VII

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4
Q

the parotid duct can be infected with?

A

infectious agents such as mumps

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5
Q

parotiditis?

A

inflammation of parotid

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6
Q

what is the parotid papilla?

A

small projection at opening of duct into superior oral vestibule

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7
Q

what is a sign of mumps?

A

redness of parotid papilla

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8
Q

where can parotid gland disease cause pain?

A

auricle, external acoustic meatus, TMJ from auriculotemporal and great auricular nerves

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9
Q

a bacterial infection of parotid gland causes?

A

abscess in parotid gland

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10
Q

what is sialography?

A

radiopaque fluid injected into duct system of parotid gland through a cannula to find blockage

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11
Q

what is a sialolith?

A

calcified blockage of parotid duct

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12
Q

what is painful if a person has a sialolith?

A

sucking a lemon because of build up of saliva in proximal duct

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13
Q

where would an accessory parotid gland be located?

A

on masseter between parotid duct and zygomatic arch

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14
Q

how would you give a mandibular nerve block?

A

anesthetic is injected through mandibular notch of ramus into infratemporal fossa

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15
Q

which nerves does a mandibular nerve block also affect?

A

auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual, and buccal nerves (V3 branches)

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16
Q

where is the site of injection for an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

mandibular foramen

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17
Q

if an inferior alveolar nerve block goes wrong, and the medial pterygoid muscle is anesthetized, what happens?

A

pterygoid trismus (can’t open mouth!)

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18
Q

excessive contractions of lateral pterygoids can cause?

A

heads of mandible to dislocate anteriorly

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19
Q

what’s a common cause of TMJ dislocation?

A

trauma, blow to face

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20
Q

what prevents posterior TMJ dislocation?

A

postglenoid tuberacle and intrinsic lateral ligament of the joint

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21
Q

injury to which nerves create laxity and instability of TMJ?

A

auriculotemporal nerve

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22
Q

what causes inflammation of TMJ?

A

degenerative arthritis

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23
Q

abnormal TMJ function causes?

A

crepitus (joint clicking) and dental occlusion

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24
Q

why can lips lose body heat easily?

A

they have abundant and superficial arterial blood supply

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25
Q

why does cyanosis of the lips happen?

A

sympathetics redirect blood back to body to reduce heat loss in the body

26
Q

what is a frenulectomy?

A

resection of the superior labial frenulum and underlying CT

27
Q

what can cause gingival recession?

A

lower labial frenulum

28
Q

what is gingivitis?

A

inflammation of the gums from improper oral hygiene

29
Q

what is periodontitis?

A

inflammation of alveolar bone caused by untreated gingivitis

30
Q

what is a dento-alveolar abscess?

A

pus from death of inflammed dental tissues

31
Q

what’s a dental cary?

A

cavity

32
Q

a deep carious lesion of the pulp causes?

A

infection and pulpitis and toothache

33
Q

what causes peri-apical disease?

A

if a cavity goes untreated, the arteries in the roots can decay and infection can spread to periodontal tissues

34
Q

pus from abscess of maxillary tooth can go where?

A

nasal cavity or maxillary sinus

35
Q

abscess formation of mandibular teeth can cause?

A

can compress inferior alveolar nerve in mandibular canal which is referred to the anterior mandibular teeth

36
Q

where is a single accessory tooth usually found?

A

anterior maxilla

37
Q

whats the most common accessory tooth?

A

mesiodens (malformed tooth between maxillary central incisor teeth)

38
Q

whats the difference between an accessory tooth and a supernumerary tooth?

A
  • accessory: malformed

- supernumerary: looks like a normal tooth

39
Q

the lingual nerve is medial to?

A

3rd molar teeth

40
Q

damage to lingual nerve causes?

A

altered sensation to ipsilateral side of tongue

41
Q

unerupted 3rd molars are also called? when do they erupt?

A

wisdom teeth; early 20s

42
Q

what’s a common problem with 3rd molars?

A

they can become impacted against/under 2nd molars

43
Q

removal of the 3rd molars can cause damage to which nerve?

A

alveolar nerves

44
Q

where does a nasopalantine block get injected?

A

incisive fossa of hard palate (needle inserted posterior to incisive papilla

45
Q

how do you anesthetize the greater palantine nerve?

A

stick needle into greater palatine foramen (between 2nd and 3rd molars)

46
Q

what causes an individual to gag?

A

when the posterior aspect of the tongue is touched

47
Q

which nerves are responsible for the muscular gag reflex of pharynx?

A

CN IX and X

48
Q

what nerve provides afferent limb of gag reflex?

A

glossopharyngeal branches

49
Q

what happens when the genioglossus muscles are paralyzed?

A

tongue falls posteriorly which obstructs the airway and can cause suffocation

50
Q

why is an airway tube inserted during general anesthesia?

A

general anesthesia causes total relaxation of genioglossus muscles –> no airway without tube

51
Q

fracture to mandible can cause?

A

damage to CN XII and thus atrophy of one side of tongue

52
Q

when CN XII is damaged, what side does the affected tongue deviate to during protrusion?

A

same side as lesion (lick your sores!) because of unopposed action of opposite genioglossus

53
Q

what area is known for having quick absorption of drugs?

A

under the tongue to deep lingual veins (absorption in less than a minute)

54
Q

what is sublingual absorption of drugs useful for?

A

nitroglycerin for patients with angina pectoris

55
Q

where does a lingual carcinoma in the posterior tongue metastasize to?

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

56
Q

where and when does an anterior lingual carcinoma metastasize to?

A
  • inferior deep cervical nodes

- late in disease

57
Q

where are other metastastic sites for lingual carcinomas?

A
  • submental/submandibular regions

- along IJV in neck

58
Q

what causes tongue tie?

A

large frenulum of tongue

59
Q

how is a frenulum dealt with?

A

frenectomy to allow infants to successfully eat

60
Q

why would a submandibular gland be excised?

A

calculus in its duct or tumor in the gland

61
Q

which nerves should be spared in a submandibular gland excision?

A
  • marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

- lingual nerve if duct during removal of duct

62
Q

which salivary glands can a sialogram be performed on?

A

parotid and submandibular (sublingual’s duct is too small)

Anatomy Exam 3 Blue Boxes (12 decks)

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