Skull

Question 1

what is a major cause of death and disability?

Answer 1

head injuries

Question 2

what are complications of head injuries?

Answer 2

• hemorrhage
• infection
• injury to the brain/CN

Question 3

what is the most common symptom of head injury?

Answer 3

disturbance in the level of consciousness

Question 4

headaches can indicate?

Answer 4

serious intracranial problem such as a tumor, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or meningitis

Question 5

what is neuralgia?

Answer 5

pain characterized by severe throbbing or stabbing pain in the course of a nerve

Question 6

what causes a neuralgia?

Answer 6

a demyelenating lesion

Question 7

neuralgia is a common cause of?

Answer 7

facial pain

Question 8

otalgia (ear) and odontalgia (tooth) are forms of?

Answer 8

neuralgias

Question 9

injury to the supercilliary arches causes?

Answer 9

blood to pool in superior eyelid and around eye (black eye)

Question 10

what is malar flush?

Answer 10

redness of the skin covering the zygomatic process (malar eminence) associated with fever in TB and systemic lupus erythematosus disease

Question 11

what is a Le Fort 1 fracture?

Answer 11

horizontal fractures of maxillae superior to maxillary alveolar process, across nasal septum and pterygoid plate of sphenoid

Question 12

what is a Le Fort 2 fracture?

Answer 12

entire central part of face is separated from the rest of the cranium

Question 13

what is a Le Fort 3 fracture?

Answer 13

causes the maxillae and zygomatic arches to separate from the rest of the cranium

Question 14

fracture of the neck of the mandible is associated with?

Answer 14

dislocation of the temperomandibular joint

Question 15

fractures of the angle of the mandible involve?

Answer 15

alveolus of the 3rd molar tooth

Question 16

where do fractures of the body of the mandible pass through?

Answer 16

socket of the canine tooth

Question 17

resorption of alveolar bone through tooth extraction can cause?

Answer 17

disappearance of mental foramina which can injure the mental nerves

Question 18

pressure from a dental prosthesis can cause?

Answer 18

pain during eating by pushing on mental nerve

Question 19

loss of all teeth causes?

Answer 19

mandibular prognathism (overclosure)

Question 20

what is a contrecoup fracture?

Answer 20

no fracture occurs at the site of the blow to the skull, but the opposite side of the cranium is fractured

Question 21

what is a craniotomy?

Answer 21

surgical access of cranial cavity and brain by removal of the neurocranium

Question 22

if the skull cap isn’t wired back into place after a craniotomy, what occurs?

Answer 22

craniectomy (plastic or metal plate instead of bone)

Question 23

part of the cranial base and the calvaria develop by?

Answer 23

intramembranous ossification

Question 24

the rest of the cranial base develops by?

Answer 24

endochondral ossification

Question 25

when is no diploë present?

Answer 25

at birth

Question 26

what does the frontal suture separate in a neonate?

Answer 26

halves of the frontal bones

Question 27

the frontal and parietal bones are separated by?

Answer 27

coronal suture

Question 28

the maxillae and mandible are separated by?

Answer 28

intermaxillary suture and mandibular symphysis

Question 29

which processes are not present in a neonate?

Answer 29

mastoid and styloid processes

Question 30

no mastoid process at birth can cause?

Answer 30

facial nerve injury by forceps during birth because facial nerves are close to the surface

Question 31

when do the mastoid processes form?

Answer 31

during the first year, when the sternocleidomastoid muscles finish developing

Question 32

the sphenoid bone is separated by what in a neonate?

Answer 32

sphenoidal fontanelle

Question 33

palpation of which fontanelles allows the doctor to determine growth progress, degree of hydration of an infant, and intracranial pressure level?

Answer 33

anterior and posterior fontanelles

Question 34

describe the anterior fontanelle?

Answer 34

- largest, diamond shaped - bounded by frontal and parietal halves of bones - located at junction of sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures - future site of bregma

Question 35

when is the anterior fontanelle no longer palpable?

Answer 35

18 months of age

Question 36

what is a remnant of the frontal suture called?

Answer 36

metopic suture - can be mistaken for a fracture in imaging

Question 37

describe the posterior fontanelle?

Answer 37

- triangular shaped - bounded by parietal and occipital bones - located at junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures - future site of lambda

Question 38

when is the posterior fontanelle no longer palpable?

Answer 38

by first birthday

Question 39

in a neonate, what separates the two halves of the mandible?

Answer 39

mandibular symphysis

Question 40

as a person ages, what happens to the diploë?

Answer 40

fills with grey gelatinous material

Question 41

what is primary craniosynostosis?

Answer 41

premature closure of cranial sutures

Question 42

what does primary craniosynostosis cause?

Answer 42

cranial malformations

Question 43

premature closure of sagittal suture causes?

Answer 43

small or absent anterior fontanelle that results in long, narrow cranium (scaphocephaly)

Question 44

premature closure of coronal or lambdoid suture on ONE side?

Answer 44

cranium is twisted and asymmetrical (plagiocephaly)

Question 45

premature closure of coronal suture?

Answer 45

high, tower like cranium (oxycephaly or turricephaly)

Question 46

premature closure of sutures does not affect?

Answer 46

brain development