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Anatomy Exam 3 Blue Boxes > Cranial Nerve BBs > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve BBs Flashcards

1
Q

lesions of CN I can cause?

A

anosmia (loss of smell) from tumor or fracture of cribiform plate

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2
Q

lesions in the temporal lobe can cause?

A

olfactory hallucinations or “temporal lobe epilepsy”

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3
Q

CN II is susceptible to what disease, unlike the rest of the CNs?

A

demyelinating diseases of CNS like MS because CN II is in a CNS tract

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4
Q

lesions of CN II can cause?

A
  • loss of pupillary constriction due to trauma to eye or fracture of optic canal
  • visual field defects due to pressure on optic tract or clot in temporal, parietal, or occipital lobes of brain
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5
Q

what is optic neuritis?

A

lesions of CN II that cause a decrease in visual acuity, with or without changes in peripheral vision

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6
Q

what causes optic neuritis?

A

inflammatory, degenerative, demyelinating, or toxic disorders. drug use can also injure CN II

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7
Q

complete section of an optic nerve causes?

A

blindness in temporal and nasal fields of the ipsilateral eye

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8
Q

complete section of the optic chiasm causes?

A

no peripheral vision or bitemporal hemianopsia

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9
Q

complete section of the right optic nerve at the midline causes?

A

loss of vision from left temporal and right nasal visual fields (most common in strokes)

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10
Q

lesions of CN III cause?

A

dilated pupil, ptosis, eye turns down and out, pupillary reflex is lost on one side due to pressure from herniating uncus on nerve or fracture involving cavernous sinus

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11
Q

what else can cause pressure on CN III?

A

aneurysm of posterior cerebral or superior cerebellar arteries

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12
Q

lesions of CN IV cause?

A

inability to look down when eye is adducted & medial diplopia due to stretching of nerve around brainstem or fracture of orbit

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13
Q

what’s special about CN IV lesions?

A

they rarely occur alone

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14
Q

which muscle does a lesion of CN IV affect?

A

superior oblique

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15
Q

why does diplopia occur during a lesion of CN IV?

A

superior oblique can’t pull eye inferomedially, so inferior oblique is unopposed

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16
Q

lesions of CN V cause?

A

loss of pain and touch sensations, paraesthesia, masseter and temporlis can’t contract, deviation of mandible to side of lesion when mouth is open

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17
Q

what causes CN V lesions?

A

trauma, tumors, aneurysms, or meningeal infections (destruction of motor and sensory nuclei in pons and medulla)

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18
Q

what reflexes are lost in a CN V lesion?

A

sneezing and corneal reflexes

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19
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)?

A

lesion of sensory root of CN V that produces excruciating pain to areas of maxilary and mandibular divisions

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20
Q

which nerves are anesthetized during dental anesthesia?

A
  • roots of teeth spread anesthesia to superior alveolar nerves (V2)
  • inferior alveolar nerves (V3) can be anesthetized directly
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21
Q

lesions of CN VI cause?

A

eyes can’t move laterally & diplopia on lateral gaze due to fracture involving base of brain, cavernous sinus, or orbit

22
Q

which muscle does a lesion of CN VI affect?

A

lateral rectus (can’t abduct eye)

23
Q

which artery is CN VI sensitive to?

A

internal carotid in cavernous sinus (atherosclerosis can cause pressure on CN VI)

24
Q

what’s special about CN VII?

A

its the most frequently injured CN

25
Q

a lesion of CN VII near its origin (geniculate ganglion) causes?

A
  • loss of motor on ipsilateral side
  • taste
  • autonomic functions (lacrimal secretion)
26
Q

a CNS lesion involving CN VII causes?

A
  • paralysis of muscles in inferior face on contralateral side
  • usually caused by stroke
27
Q

lesions of CN VII in between geniculate ganglion and chorda tympani cause?

A

same symptoms as a lesion near geniculate ganglion, but no loss of lacrimal secretion

28
Q

where can a viral infection inflame CN VII?

A

just before the stylomastoid foramen

29
Q

fracture of which bone is common with CN VII injuries?

A

temporal

30
Q

which small muscle can CN VII lesions affect?

A

stapedius (no hearing loss, but can be sensitive to low tones)

31
Q

what is bell palsy?

A

unilateral facial paralysis from a CN VII lesion

32
Q

lesions of CN VIII also cause?

A

deficits of cochlear nerve because of their close anatomical relationship

33
Q

symptoms of CN VIII lesion?

A

tinnitus (ringing in ears), vertigo, impairment of hearing

34
Q

central lesions of CN VIII can affect?

A

either cochlear or vestibular divisions of CN VIII

35
Q

CN VIII lesions can be caused by?

A

tumor of the nerve or CNS lesion

36
Q

what is conductive deafness?

A

involves external or middle ear

37
Q

what is sensorineural deafness?

A

disease in cochlea or in pathway from cochlea to brain

38
Q

what is an acoustic neuroma?

A

slow growing benign tumor of neurolemma

39
Q

lesions of CN IX can cause?

A

taste absent on posterior 1/3 of tongue and gag reflex is absent, also can affect swallowing

40
Q

what can cause CN IX lesions?

A

tumors in jugular foramen —> multiple cranial nerve palsies or “jugular foramen syndrome”

41
Q

what is glosspharyngeal neuralgia?

A

sudden pain of burning or stabbing sensation that are initiated by swallowing, protruding tongue, talking, or touching the palantine tonsil

42
Q

injury to pharyngeal branches of CN X causes?

A

dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

43
Q

lesions in the superior laryngeal branch of CN X cause?

A

anesthesia of superior larynx and paralysis of cricothyroid muscle; weak voice

44
Q

injury of recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X causes?

A

hoarseness and dysphonia (difficulty speaking) because of paralysis of vocal cords

45
Q

what can cause an injury to recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X?

A

aneurysms of aortic arch, tumors etc

46
Q

paralysis of both recurrent laryngeal nerves causes?

A

aphonia and inspiratory stridor (harsh, high pitched respiratory sound)

47
Q

which laryngeal recurrent branch of CN X is more often injured?

A

left because its course is longer than the right

48
Q

how can CN XI be damaged?

A

its superficial in posterior cervical region, so iatrogenic injury (physician caused) is likely during lymph node biopsy, cannulation of internal jugular vein etc.

49
Q

CN XI injury presents as?

A

paralysis of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

50
Q

injury to CN XII causes?

A

paralysis of ipsilateral half of the tongue —> tongue atrophy

51
Q

which side does the tongue apex deviate towards if CN XII is damaged?

A

paralyzed side because of unopposed action of genioglossus muscle on normal side

Anatomy Exam 3 Blue Boxes (12 decks)

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