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Histopathology > Temperomandibular Joint- Exam III > Flashcards

Temperomandibular Joint- Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Ruffini corpuscles are involved in:

A

proprioception

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2
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Pacinian corpuscles are involved in:

A

dynamic mechanoreception

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3
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Golgi tendon organs are involved in:

A

static mechanoreception

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4
Q

Innervation of the temporomandibular joint:

Free nerve endings are involved in:

A

pain

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5
Q

The TMJ is classified as a ____ joint

A

synovial sliding-ginglymoid (hinged) joint

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6
Q

Joint that permits movement between two bones:

A

synovial joints

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7
Q

In a synovial joint, each bone is covered by:

A

hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

In a synovial joint, the two bones are united and surrounded by a ____ thereby creating a joint cavity:

A

fibrous capsule

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9
Q

The joint cavity of a synovial joint is filled with ____.

A

synovial fluid

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10
Q

The synovial fluid in a synovial joint is derived from:

A

Villus cells which line the internal surface of the capsule

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11
Q

In a synovial joint, a ____ is present which separates the bones

A

fibrous disc

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12
Q

In the TMJ, both the condylar neck and head develop by:

A

endochondral ossification

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13
Q

The condylar head of the TMJ develops by endochondral ossification and has _____ growth capacity

A

multidirectional

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14
Q

Unlike long bones in the body, which also develop by endochondral ossification, the cartilage cells in the condylar head and neck DO NOT exhibit

A

ordered columns

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15
Q

Bones of the TMJ include the: (2)

A
  1. glenoid fossa
  2. mandibular condyle
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16
Q

What are the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle that form the TMJ

A

superior and inferior

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17
Q

The superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle attaches to the ___ and ____

A

joint capsule and articular disc

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18
Q

The inferior head of the lateral pterygoid attaches to the ____ in the _____.

A

condylar neck in the pterygoid fovea

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19
Q

The articulating surfaces of the TMJ are covered with a layer of:

A

fibrous tissue

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20
Q

In the TMJ with increasing age, the deeper portions of the fibrous covering may exhibit:

A

islands of cartilage

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21
Q

The root of the mandibular fossa is also known as the:

A

glenoid fossa

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22
Q

The junction between the horizontal and vertically oriented collagen in the TMJ:

A

articular line

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23
Q

The retrodiscal connective tissue is also called the:

A

bilaminar zone

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24
Q

Comprised of collagen and elastic fibrous connective tissue, fat cells, and is highly vascular:

A

retrodiscal connective tissue

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25
Q

In the retrodiscal connective tissue, the elastic fibers insert into:

A

petrotympanic fissure

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26
Q

In the TMJ, the disc is attached to the medial and lateral surfaces of the ____ but NOT the ____

A

condyle; temporal bone

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27
Q

Because the disc of the TMJ is NOT attached to the temporal bone and is only attached to the medial and lateral surfaces of the condyle, this allows for the disc to move well traveling over the:

A

anterior surface of the articular fossa

28
Q

All articulation of the TMJ is on the ____ portion of the _____

A

fibrous portion ; disc

29
Q

The dense portion of the disc in the TMJ restricts ____ movement of the ____

A

posterior movement; mandible

30
Q

The dense area of the disc of the TMJ, maintains the condyle in the anterior part of the:

A

glenoid fossa

31
Q

The ____ area allows the mandible to movement freely in an anterior direction

A

vascular retrodiscal area

32
Q

The ____ lines the inner surface of the fibrous capsule of the TMJ

A

synovial membrane

33
Q

The TMJ synovial membrane consists of _____ distinct layers of tissue:

A

3

34
Q

What are the 3 distinct layers of the TMJ synovial membrane?

A
  1. fibrous capsule
  2. vascular subintima
  3. intimal layer
35
Q

The most peripheral (external) layer of the TMJ synovial membrane:

A

fibrous capsule

36
Q

The intermediate layer of the TMJ synovial membrane:

A

vascular subintima

37
Q

The most internal layer of the the TMJ synovial membrane:

A

intimal layer

38
Q

What two cell types are found in the intimal layer of the synovial membrane

A
  1. Type A synovial cells
  2. Type B synovial cells
39
Q

Macrophage-like cells within the intimal layer that exhibit phagocytic functions and are capable of producing inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1,6,8 and TNF-a

A

Type A synovial cells

40
Q

Fibroblast-like cells within the intimal layer that synthesize hyaluronate which is a major component of the synovial fluid in both the superior and inferior compartments of the joint

A

Type B synovial cells

41
Q

A major component of the synovial fluid found in both superior and inferior compartments of the joint

A

hyaluronate

42
Q

Hyaluronate is synthesized by:

A

Type B synovial cells

43
Q

Chronic or acute joint trauma may cause the ____ cells to undergo a syncytial (fusing) transformation into multinucleated giant cells that exhibit osteo-clastic like functions (resorption of bone and cartilage)

A

Type A synovial cells

44
Q

When Type A synovial cells undergo trauma causing fusion into a mutlinucleated giant cell, they may now exhibit:

A

osteoclastic function

45
Q

If the inflammatory response in the TMJ is of sufficient intensity and duration, bone and cartilage resorption can also take place within the:

A

spongiosa of the condylar head and subadjacent condylar neck

46
Q

T/F: Resorption can only take place on the external surface of the condyle:

A

False- resorption can take place simultaneously on both the external and internal surfaces of the condyle

47
Q

Responsible for chemotaxis and vascular permeability:

A

leukotrienes

48
Q

Responsible for vasodilation, edema, and pain:

A

prostaglandins

49
Q

Responsible for vasoconstrictions:

A

Thromboxanes

50
Q

Injury to cells membranes causes ____ to be formed:

A

membrane phospholipid

51
Q

Membrane phospholipid produces ____ which in turn produces ____.

A

phopholipase; arachidonic acid

52
Q

Arachidonic acid breaks down into:

A

lipooxygenase and cycloxygenase

53
Q

Steroids (like prednisone) act on:

A

Phospholipase

54
Q

Aspirin, NSAIDs, and Cox-2 inhibitors act on:

A

cycloxygenase

55
Q

Cyclooxygenase produces:

A

prostaglandins and thromboxanes

56
Q

Lipoxygenase produces:

A

Leukotrienes

57
Q

Chronic or acute trauma of the TMJ results in activation of:

A

arachidonic acid pathway

58
Q

The activation of the arachidonic acid pathway results in the production of: (3)

A
  1. leukotrienes
  2. thromboxanes
  3. prostaglandins
59
Q

Leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostaglandins produced by the activation of the arachidonic acid pathway act on:

A

Type A synovial cells

60
Q

Type A synovial cells produces ____ (4) when acted on by leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostaglandins:

A

IL-1, 6, and 8 and TNF-a

61
Q

When Type A synovial cells produces IL-1,6,8 and TNF-a, this causes the activation of:

A

macrophages and osteoclasts

62
Q

When macrophages and osteoclasts are activated in the arachidonic acid pathway, this results in:

A

tissue destruction

63
Q

Chronic inflammatory changes within the TMJ will result in ____ on the condylar heads.

A

osteophytes

64
Q

Chronic inflammatory changes in the TMJ will result in a decreased _____ found within the retrodiscal area leading to ___ on function

A

vascularity; pain

65
Q

When the disc of the TMJ is trapped in the antero-medial position, causing limited opening, pain and “clicking: upon opening

A

internal derrangement

66
Q

Untreated fracture of the TMJ may result in:

A

ankylosis

67
Q

Loss of articular coverings and synovial membranes of the TMJ leads to direct bone-to-bone fusion, also called:

A

ankylosis

Histopathology (15 decks)

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