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Histopathology > Dentin- Exam II > Flashcards

Dentin- Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

Dentin is ___% mineral, ___% organic, ___% water

A

70% mineral
20% organic
10% water

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2
Q

The mineral components of dentin include:

A

calcium hydroxyapetite, and trace amounts of calcium carbonate, fluoride, magnesium and zinc

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3
Q

What type of collagen is found in the organic component of dentin?

A

Type 1 collagen and trace amounts of type III and type V

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4
Q

50% of the noncollagenous proteins in the organic component of dentin are:

A

phosphoprotein

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5
Q

Sialoprotei, sialophosphoprotein, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, osteonectin and osteopontin are all part of the ____ structural components of dentin

A

organic

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6
Q

The type 1 collage of dentin is slightly different thatn that of bone because:

  1. Higher ratio of _____ and _____
  2. Higher prevalence of _____
  3. Higher level of ______
  4. Random orientation of the _____.
A
  1. proline and hydroxyproline
  2. molecular cross-linking
  3. bound water
  4. hydroxyapatite crystals
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7
Q

The non-collagenous dentin matrix proteins include: (5)

A
  1. proteoglycans
  2. glycosaminoglycans
  3. carboxyglutamate-containing protein (Gla-proteins)
  4. Osteonectin
  5. Osteopontin
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8
Q

The dentin matrix non-collagenous proteoglycans include: (2)

A
  1. biglycan
  2. decorin
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9
Q

The dentin matrix non-collagenous glycosaminoglycans include: (2)

A

chondroitin-4-sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate

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10
Q

Lifecycle stages of the odontoblast include:

A
  1. pre-odontoblast
  2. secretory odontoblast
  3. transitional odontoblast
  4. resting odontoblasts
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11
Q

What is the precursor to pre-odontoblasts?

A

ectomesenchymal cells

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12
Q

The stimulus for ectomesencymal cell differentiation into pre-odontoblasts appears to be derived from _____ located within the basal lamina of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE)

A

fibronectin

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13
Q

Several growth factors of the pre-odontoblast are derived from:

A

IEE (inner enamel epithelium)

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14
Q

Causes all the cells to aline themselves along the basal lamina, assume polarity, and differentiate into secretory cells:

A

pre-odontoblast fibronectin receptors

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15
Q

Growth factors secreted by the IEE that play a roll in odontoblast differentiation include:

A
  1. transforming growth factors (TGF)
  2. bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)
  3. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)
  4. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
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16
Q

Complete differentiation requires the cell to divide multiple times which allows the cells to express the appropriate receptors able to bind _____ localized to the IEE basal lamina

A

growth factors

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17
Q

In odontoblast differentiation, the last mitotic division results in a mature odontoblasts and a daughter cell that is forced into the ______ cell layer.

A

subodontoblastic

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18
Q

Cells in the subodontoblastic layer, because they are removed from the sphere of influence of the IEE represent ______.

A

ectomesenchymal cells

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19
Q

The ectomesenchymal cells in the subodontobastic layer are exposed to the entire cascade of developmental controls for _____

A

odontoblastic differentiation

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20
Q

What control of odontoblastic differentiation are the ectomesenchymal cells not exposed to?

A

inductive influence of growth factors associated with IEE

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21
Q

It thought that this cell population is responsible for the reparative odontoblasts that differentiate from pulpal cells:

A

ectomesenchymal cells

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22
Q

The matrix vesicles of the secretory odontoblast contain everything you need to harden and crystalize the:

A

enamel matrix

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23
Q

The secretory odontoblasts are ____ cells with extensive junctional complexes and gap junction formations

A

tall columnar cells

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24
Q

The secretory odontoblasts exhibit significant ____ activity

A

alkaline phosphatase

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25
Q

The secretory odontoblasts secretes what types of collagen?

A

mainly type 1, and traces of type 3 and 5

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26
Q

The secretory odontoblasts secrete what matrix vesicles? (7)

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. alkaline phosphatase
  3. phosphoproteins
  4. pyrophosphatase
  5. Calcium and Phosphate
  6. Annexin
  7. Calcium hydroxyappetite crystallites
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27
Q

Matrix vesicle secreted by the secretory odontoblasts that is responsible for mediating the flow of calcium into the matrix vesicle and also serves as a collagen receptor that binds matrix vesicles to collagen:

A

annexin

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28
Q

50-100 micrometers thick layer of first formed dentin:

A

mantle dentin

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29
Q

Mantle dentin matrix consists of what type of collagen?

A

Type 1 and Type 3

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30
Q

Describe the arrangement of collagen fibers in the matrix of mantle dentin:

A

Arranged perpendicular to basal lamina of the IEE

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31
Q

The organic matrix of dentin is deposited:

A

incrementally

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32
Q

What is the rate of the incremental deposition of the organic matrix of dentin?

A

4-8 micrometeres per 24 hrs

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33
Q

Incremental lines in dentin (hypomineralized areas) are thorugh to respresent a hesitation in matrix formation and subsequently altered mineralization that occur after 4-20 days of matrix deposition:

A

lines of von ebner

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34
Q

Deficiencies and irregularities in ______, result in areas of hypomineralizaton, commonly appear as accentuated incremental lines or areas of interglobular dentin.

A

denintogenesis

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35
Q

Give two examples of deficiencies or irregularities that result in hypomineralization in dentinogenesis:

A

neonatal line and contour lines of owen

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36
Q

Dentinal tubules are tapered and are wider at the _____ and narrower at the ____.

A

pulpal surface; DEJ

37
Q

Because of the decrease in ____ at the ___ chamber, the number of dentinal tubules per unit area at the pulpal surface is twice as many compared to the DEJ

A

volume; pulpal

38
Q

What has more dentinal tubules per unit area?

The pulpal surface or the DEJ?

A

pulpal surface has twice as many compared to DEJ

39
Q

The more calcified more resistant to etch dentin

A

peritubular dentin

40
Q

Dentin between the dentin

A

demineralized intertubular dentin

41
Q

As you get closer to the basal lamina, right to the basement membrane, the processes of the cell tend to branch to increase the surface area for more attachment points:

A

anastomosis of dentin tubules

42
Q

Pattern of mineralization in which everything is calcified uniformly

A

Linear mineralization

43
Q

A zone of globular, rather than linear, formed dentin in the crowns of teeth and root surfaces.

A

interglobular dentin

44
Q

Interglobular dentin is characterized by _______ that are unmineralized or hypomineralized dentin between the normal calcified dentinal layers:

A

Interglobular spaces

45
Q

What are the two methods of mineralization we see in dentin?

A

Linear and globular

46
Q

A granular-appearing layer in the dentin of the root adjacent to the cementum. Possible comprised of hypmineralized interglobular dentin:

A

Tome’s granular Layer

47
Q

All the dentin (Except mantle dentin) formed up to the time the tooth achieves functional occlusion:

A

Primary dentin

48
Q

All the dentin formed (except tertiary dentin) after tooth achieves functional occlusion:

A

secondary dentin

49
Q

Dentin tubules that are void of the odontoblastic process. they are generally filled with air or organic debris and look black in transmitted light microscopy:

A

dead tracts

50
Q

Dentin in which the tubules are occluded with mineral. The dentin is non-tubular and is nearly transparent. Incidence of occurs increased with increasing age of the patient. May also be tertiary (reparative) dentin:

A

Sclerotic dentin

51
Q

The organic matrix of dentin is deposited in increments of 4-8 micrometers per 24 hrs.

A

Incremental lines of von ebner

52
Q

Occur after 4-20 days of matrix deposition and are thought to represent hesitations i matrix deposition and therefore altered mineralization:

A

Lines of Von Ebner

53
Q

Exaggerated lines of von Ebner that occur during periods of altered cell metabolism:

A

Neonatal Line and Contour lines of owen

54
Q

Dentin deposited by newly differentiated odontoblasts at the site of pulpal trauma. A defensive reaction attempting to wall off the pulp from the site of injury:

A

Tertiary dentin (reparative dentin)

55
Q

Cells in the subodontoblastic layer, once exposed by _____ released by stimulated pulpal cells differentiate and form the matrix of _____.

A

growth factors; matrix of reparative dentin

56
Q

The growth factors released by stimulated pulpal cells that from the matrix of reparative dentin after exposure to the cells in the subodontoblastic layers:

A
  1. bone morphogenic protein (BMP)
  2. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)
  3. Fibroblast growth facto (FGF)
  4. Dentin matrix protein (DMP)
57
Q

Hereditary defect that results in blueish/grey teeth with an opalescent sheen. The enamel is normal but chips off due to lack of support by the abnormal dentin. The pulp chamber and canals are greatly obliterated by defective dentin formation:

A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

58
Q

What important protein is missing when looking at the DEJ in patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

Tuftelin

59
Q

When looking at the teeth through xray of a pt with dentinogenesis imperfecta you can see that:

A

pulp chambers are completely obliterated

60
Q

Loss by wear of surface caused by tooth to tooth contact during mastication or parafunction. Matching wear on occluding surfaces, and shiny facets on amalgam contacts are common.

A

Attrition

61
Q

In attrition, enamel and dentin wear _____. Possitble fracture of cusps or restorations occur in this disease

A

at the same reate

62
Q

dental attrition is typically due to:

A

bruxism

63
Q

Loss of hard dental tissue by chemical process:

A

Dental erosion

64
Q

Broad concavities wiht cupping of occlusal surfaces and dentin exposure. Incisal translucency as well as wear on the non-occluding surfaces. Amalgam restorations appear “raised” and have a non-tarnished appearance. Patients are usually hypersensitive and this is very common with GERD patients.

A

Dental erosion

65
Q

The caries balance is between:

A

Pathological factors and protective factors

66
Q

Pathological factors involved in the caries balance:

A
  1. acid-producing bacteria
  2. frequently eating/drinking of fermentable carbohydrate
  3. Subnormal salvia flow and/or function
67
Q

Protective factors involved in the caries balance:

A
  1. saliva flow and components
  2. Fluoride, calcium and phosphate
  3. Antibacterials: chlorhexidine, iodine, xylitol etc.
68
Q

Many hydroxyappetite crystal exhibit a core of relatively more ______.

A

soluble carbonate appetite

69
Q

The carbonate substitution in the lattice structure of enamel occurs primarily at the ____ in dental caries

A

phosphate sites

70
Q

In dental caries core of carbonate apatite is eroded preferentially by acids due to its greater susceptibility to ____.

A

dissolution

71
Q

____ may substitute for hydroxyl ions in hydroxyapatite, conferring greater stability and resistance to acidic dissolution:

A

fluoride

72
Q

In dental caries, acid preferentially attacks the ends of the crystal and the crystal is eroded along its ______ and from the inside toward the ____.

A

C axis; edges

73
Q

Bacteria responsible for enamel/dentin caries: (4)

A
  1. strep mutans
  2. step sorbrinus
  3. strep gordonii
  4. lactobacillus acidophilus
74
Q

Bacteria responsible for root caries:

A

actinomyces viscosus

75
Q

As the process of dental caries (acid dissolution of the enamel) reaches the DEJ it spreads _____ due to ____.

A

laterally due to branching of dentinal tubules at DEJ.

76
Q

After the caries spreads laterally once it reachest the DEJ it then penetrates toward:

A

the pulp within the dentinal tubules

77
Q

After the caries penetrates towards the pulp within the dentinal tubules, a ______ is produced beneath the adjacent enamel surface

A

substantial cavitation

78
Q

After a substantial cavitation is produced beneath the adjacent enamel surface, there is initially a caries lesion that exhibits a small opening or ofifice in the in the enamel or pyramidal shaped dentin lesion with the apex of the pyramid pointing towards the:

A

tooth pulp

79
Q

1 in 5 adults suffers from:

A

dentinal sensitivity

80
Q

The teeth most commonly affected by dentinal sensitivity:

A

cuspids and biscuspids

81
Q

Stimuli associated with dentinal sensitivity include: (6)

A
  1. cold/hot bevies
  2. sweet or sour (acidic) foods or bevies
  3. overly aggressive brushing
  4. acidogenic plaque bacteria
  5. cosmetic bleaching of teeth
  6. clenching or bruxism
82
Q

Direct stimulation or nerve endings in the dentinal tubules describes what theory of dentinal sensitivity?

A

Direct Innervation Theory

83
Q

Stimulation of odontoblasts that are coupled to nerves in the pulp describes what theory of dentinal sensitivity?

A

transduction theory

84
Q

Stimulation of dentinal tubules or exposed odontoblastic cell processes causes movement of tissue fluids within dentin tubules that, in turn, stimulates nerve endings in close association with dentin at the dentin/pulpal interface describes what theory of dentinal sensitivity?

A

Brannstrom’s Hydrodynamic theory

85
Q

Brannstrom’s Hydrodynamic Theory has its roots in:

A

Charle’s Law

86
Q

he volume of gas (or fluid) is directly proportional to the amount of heat applied at a constant pressure

A

Charle’s Law

87
Q

If heat is applied to a sensitive tooth, the volume of the fluid in the tubules increases, causing stimulation of the:

A

nerve endings

88
Q

If cold is applied to a sensitive tooth, the volume of the fluid in the tubules decreases , causing movement in the fluid, and stimulation of:

A

nerve endings

Histopathology (15 decks)

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