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Histopathology > Salivary Glands and Associated Pathology- Exam III > Flashcards

Salivary Glands and Associated Pathology- Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

Saliva is involved to some degree in all of the following functions: (5)

A
  1. speech
  2. mastication
  3. taste
  4. swallowing
  5. digestion
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2
Q

A protein thought to be necessary for growth and maturation of taste buds:

A

gustin

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3
Q

responsible for degrading starch in digestion:

A

salivary amylase

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4
Q

Saliva functions in protection of teeth by lubricating the ____ from noxious stimuli, bacterial toxins, and minor trauma

A

lining mucosa

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5
Q

Saliva function in protection of teeth by a ____ action to rid the mouth of ____ bacteria

A

washing action; non-adherent

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6
Q

A protective role of saliva is the clearance of ____ from the mouth

A

sugars

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7
Q

Saliva plays a ____ function through the prevention of potential pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the mouth

A

buffering

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8
Q

In order for most pathogenic bacteria to colonize the mouth an _____ is required

A

acidic pH

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9
Q

What functions in the buffering of microbial acids (2)?

A
  1. bicarb
  2. phosphate ions
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10
Q

a protein that raises the pH of dental plaque after exposure to fermentable carbohydrates (buffering action)

A

sialin

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11
Q

Salivas antimicrobial action works via: (3)

A
  1. lysozymes
  2. lactoferrin
  3. salivary IgA
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12
Q

contributes to the antimicrobial action of saliva by hydrolyzing bacterial cell walls:

A

lysozyme

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13
Q

contributes to the antimicrobial action of saliva by binding free iron and thereby depriving bacteria of an essential nutrient:

A

lactoferrin

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14
Q

contributes to the antimicrobial action of saliva by causing bacterial clumping (agglutination)

A

salivary IgA

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15
Q

____ and ____ ions facilitate mineralization of tooth surface which function s in the maintenance of tooth integrity:

A

calcium and phosphate

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16
Q

Epithelial growth factor and clotting factor are both present in saliva and function in:

A

soft tissue repair

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17
Q

_____ dictate differentiation of oral epithelium which , in turn, proliferates and grows into the underlying ____.

A

ectomesenchymal cells; mesenchymes

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18
Q

The epithelial buds during the development of salivary glands undergo ____ & _____ .

A

histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation

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19
Q

The epithelial buds during the development of salivary glands undergo histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation to form assemblies of: (2)

A

alveoli and epithelial cords

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20
Q

In the development of salivary glands, the assemblies of alveoli develop into _____ and the epithelial cords develop into ____

A

acinar cells; ducts

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21
Q

Stage of salivary gland development accomplished by underlying ectomesenchyme:

A

induction of oral epithelium

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22
Q

Stage of salivary gland development, after the induction of oral epithelium, growth of the _____ occurs

A

epithelial cord

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23
Q

during salivary gland development, cytodifferentiation to become acinar cells, myoepithelial cells and ductal cells is accomplished by:

A

FGF and EGF

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24
Q

FGF + EGF + Terminal bulb cells results in: (3)

A
  1. acinar cells
  2. myoepithelial cells
  3. duct cells
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25
Q

The parotid and submandibular glands begin to form during the ____ of embryonic development with the sublingual gland initiation development during the ____.

A

6th week; 8th week

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26
Q

minor salivary glands begin to form by the ____ of embryonic development

A

10th

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27
Q

List what week of embryonic development the following salivary glands form:

  1. parotid =
  2. submandibular =
  3. sublingual =
  4. minor salivary glands =
A
  1. 6th
  2. 6th
  3. 8th
  4. 10th
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28
Q

the secreting unit of a salivary duct:

A

acinus

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29
Q

The hierarchy of ducts starting at the level of the secreting unit: (5)

A
  1. intercellular canaliculus
  2. intercalated duct
  3. striated duct
  4. excretory duct (collecting duct)
  5. terminal excretory duct
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30
Q

Myoepithelial cells of salivary glands are also called:

A

basket cells

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31
Q

Part of salivary gland associated with terminal end pieces (acini) and intercalated ducts

A

myoepithelial cells

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32
Q

Parotid gland is formed from:

A

stenson’s duct

33
Q

Submandibular gland is formed from:

A

Wharton’s duct

34
Q

Sublingual gland is formed from:

A

Bartholin’s duct

35
Q

The parotid gland is a ____ secreting gland:

A

pure serous

36
Q

Responsible for 20% of unstimulated salivary flow:

A

parotid gland

37
Q

Parotid gland enlargement occurs in: (5)

A
  1. parotitis (mumps)
  2. Sjogrens syndrome
  3. bulemia nervosa
  4. anorexia nervosa
  5. benign and malignant neoplasia
38
Q

The submandibular gland is a ___ secreting gland:

A

mixed seromucous gland

39
Q

Although the submandibular gland is a mixed seromucous secreting gland, it predominantly secretes ____ with ___ contributions

A

serous fluid; mucous contributions

40
Q

Responsible for 60% of unstimulated salivary flow:

A

submandibular gland

41
Q

What structures can be found in the submandibular gland?

A

serous demilunes

42
Q

The sublingual gland is a ____ secreting gland

A

mixed mucoserous

43
Q

Although the sublingual gland is a mixed mucoserous gland is it predominantly _____ secreting

A

mucous

44
Q

Responsible for 10% of unstimulated salivary flow:

A

sublingual gland

45
Q

____ are structures that can be found associated with sublingual glands

A

serous demilunes

46
Q

Minor salivary glands account for ____% of unstimulated salivary flow:

A

10%

47
Q

Most minor salivary glands are ___ secreting

A

mucous

48
Q

The named minor salivary glands include: (4)

A
  1. von Ebners
  2. Blandin-Nuhn
  3. Weber’s
  4. Carmalt’s
49
Q

Von Ebner’s gland is a minor salivary gland that is a ____ gland associated with circumvallate papillae

A

Pure serous

50
Q

Pure serous glands associated with circumvallate papillae (minor salivary gland)

A

Von Ebner’s Gland

51
Q

Mucoserous glands located on the ventral surface at tip of tongue (minor salivary gland):

A

blandin-nuhn

52
Q

mucous glands associated with the pharyngeal tonsils (minor salivary gland):

A

Weber’s

53
Q

Mucous glands found in the mandibular retromolar area (minor salivary gland)

A

Carmalt’s

54
Q

What are the classifications of glands (5):

A
  1. endocrine
  2. exocrine
  3. merocrine
  4. apocrine
  5. holocrine
55
Q

Classification of gland in which the product is secreted into blood and affects other cells; no duct system involved

A

Endocrine

56
Q

Classification of gland in which the product is secreted onto a surface; usually has a duct

A

exocrine

57
Q

Classification of gland in which little to no damage to secreting cells occurs

A

merocrine

58
Q

salivary glands are classified as a ____ gland

A

merocrine

59
Q

Classification of gland in which partial injury to secreting cells occurs

A

apocrine

60
Q

mammary/ sweat glands are classified as ___ glands

A

apocrine

61
Q

Classification of gland in which total destruction of secreting cells occurs

A

holocrine

62
Q

sebaceous glands are an example of a ____ gland

A

holocrine

63
Q

Not a pathologic lesion and represent an ectopic sebaceous gland:

A

fordyce’s granules

64
Q

The result of trauma that severs the duct resulting in extravasation of mucin into the surrounding soft tissues:

A

salivary gland mucocele

65
Q

Salivary gland mucoceles most commonly occur:

A

at the lips, tip of the ventral surface of the tongue and soft palate

66
Q

Salivary gland mucoceles are characterized by an accumulation of ____ containing numerous foamy histocytes surrounded by granulation tissue

A

mucin

67
Q

A term used to designate a mucocele that occurs in the floor of the mouth:

A

ranula

68
Q

Ranulas most often involve the:

A

sublingual salivary gland

69
Q

chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by xerostomia, xeropthalmia, or keratojunctivitis sicca:

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

70
Q

Parotid gland swelling due to lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate:

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

71
Q

80-90% of Sjogren’s syndrome occurs in:

A

middle aged females

72
Q

A salivary gland mixed tumor may also be called:

A

pleomorphic adenoma

73
Q

A mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) is a benign tumor that accounts for:

___% of parotid gland tumors
___% of submandibular gland tumors
___% of minor salivary gland tumors

A

53-77 parotid

44-68 submandibular

38-43 minor salivary

74
Q

Mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenomas) can be described as:

Well ____ and _____

A

well circumscribed and encapsulated

75
Q

In mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenomas) the tissues are derived from:

A

mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells

76
Q

What cells are also present in mixed tumors (pleomorphic adenomas):

A

keratinizing squamous cells and mucous producing cells

77
Q

One of the most common salivary malignancies that typically involves the parotid gland and consequently causes pain or facial nerve palsy development:

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

78
Q

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are composed of a mixture of ____ cells and ____ cells

A

mucous producing; epidermoid

79
Q

Abundant cellular pleomorphism and a tendency to form cystic areas within the tumor cell mass is characteristic of:

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Histopathology (15 decks)

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