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Histopathology > Oral Mucous Membranes- Exam III > Flashcards

Oral Mucous Membranes- Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

The main functions or mucous membranes: (3)

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Excretion
  3. Protection
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2
Q

What are the classifications of oral mucous membranes?

A
  1. masticatory mucosa (keratinized)
  2. Lining mucosa (nonkeratinized)
  3. Specialized mucosa (contains taste buds)
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3
Q

Masticatory mucosa is ____ mucosa

A

keratinized

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4
Q

locations of masticatory mucosa:

A
  1. gingiva
  2. hard palate
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5
Q

Lining mucosa is ____ mucosa:

A

nonkeratinized

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6
Q

locations of lining mucosa:

A
  1. alveolar mucosa
  2. buccal mucosa
  3. floor of mouth
  4. ventral surface of tongue
  5. soft palate
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7
Q

Specialized mucosa is mucosa containing _____.

A

taste buds

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8
Q

Location of specialized mucosa:

A
  1. dorsal surface of tongue
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9
Q

Classify the mucous membranes present in the image:

What does the blue line represent?

A
  1. masticatory mucosa
  2. lining mucosa

blue line: mucogingival junction

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10
Q

Classify the mucous membrane present in this image:

A

specialized mucosa

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11
Q

List the microscopic organization of oral mucous membranes:

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina Propria
  3. Submucosa
  4. Periosteum
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12
Q

A periosteum with a mucosal surface, i.e., close approximation of mucous membrane (epithelium and lamina propria) with the periosteum of bone t form an apparent single layer

A

mucoperiosteum

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13
Q

Which component of the microscopic organization of oral mucous membranes may or may not be present?

A

submucosa

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14
Q

List the tissue layers from top to bottom:

A

Blue: epithelium
Green: lamina propria
Orange: periosteum
White: Bone

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15
Q

List the tissue layers from top to bottom:

A

Green: Lamina propria
Orange: Periosteum
White: Bone

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16
Q

What is this image displaying?

A

submucosa of the palate

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17
Q

Name the zones of the submucosa of the palate:

A

A: Gingival zone
B: Fatty zone
C: Glandular zone

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18
Q

List the microscopic organization of the epithelium layer (both ways):

A
  1. stratum corner
  2. stratum ganulosum
  3. stratum spinous
  4. stratum basal

or

  1. keratin layer
  2. granular cell layer
  3. spinous cell layer
  4. basal cell layer
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19
Q

List the components of the microscopic organization of the epithelial layer:

A

Green: Keratin layer
Blue: Granular cell layer
White: Spinous cell layer
Orange: Basal cell layer

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20
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Yellow: Epithelial Rete Pegs
Green: Connective tissue papilla

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21
Q

Both the epithelial rete pegs and the connective tissue papilla aid in:

A

attachment

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22
Q

The stratum basal may also be referred to as:

A

stratum germinativum

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23
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

rests on:

A

a basement membrane

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24
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

Exhibits:

A

one or more specialized intercellular attachments

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25
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

Exhibits one or more specialized intercellular attachments such as:

A

desmosomes and tonofilaments

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26
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

The epithelium is _____ and gets all its. nutrients from ____.

A

avascular; dermis

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27
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

Exhibits a high degree of ___ and a relatively ____ volume of _____.

A

cellularity; low; extracellular matrix

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28
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

The epithelium may exhibit:

A

polarity

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29
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

The cells may exhibits ____ borders

A

apical, basal, and lateral

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30
Q

Characteristics of epithelium:

The polarity of the epithelium is expressed in:

A

the distribution of cytoplasmic organelles

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31
Q

Terminology related to the stratum corneum:

Refers to the normal keratin formation with clinically normal presentation

A

orthokeratosis

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32
Q

Terminology related to the stratum corneum:

Refers to the retention of pyknotic nuclei in the the stratum corneum

A

Parakeratosis

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33
Q

Terminology related to the stratum corneum:

Refers to the abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum. May exhibit aberrant patterns of keratinization

A

hyperkeratosis

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34
Q

Terminology related to the stratum corneum:

Refers to the abnormal keratinization below the level of the stratum corneum, i.e., keratinization within the stratum granulosum and/ or stratum spinous

A

Dyskeratosis

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35
Q

Orthokeratosis, Parakeratosis, Hyperkeratosis, and dyskeratosis are all terms relating to the:

A

stratum corneum

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36
Q

Aconthosis, acontholysis, metaplasia, and dysplasia are all terms relating to the:

A

epithelial layer

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37
Q

Terminology related to the epithelial layer:

Refers to the hyperplasia of the epithelial layer, i.e., increase in the number of cells

A

acanthosis

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38
Q

Terminology related to the epithelial layer:

Refers to the loss of intercellular attachments between epithelial cells (keratinocytes)

A

acantholysis

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39
Q

Terminology related to the epithelial layer:

Describes a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another:

A

metaplasia

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40
Q

An increase in the number of cells would be an example of:

A

acanthosis

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41
Q

Transition of columnar to squamous epithelium in the respiratory tract in response to smoking would be an example of:

A

metaplasia

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42
Q

Metaplasia is a ____ change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another.

A

reversible

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43
Q

Terminology related to the epithelial layer:

Refers to a disorderly but non-neoplastic growth of tissue including the epithelial layer:

A

Dysplasia

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44
Q

Dysplasia refers to a disorderly but _____ growth of tissue including the epithelial layer

A

non-neoplastic

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45
Q

What condition is characterized by pleomorphism, hyperchromatism and loss of normal spatial orientation?

A

Dysplasia (epithelial layer)

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46
Q

This image is displaying:

A

Masticatory mucosa- gingival orthokeratosis

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47
Q

This image is displaying:

A

Masticatory mucosa- gingival parakeratosis

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48
Q

This image is displaying:

A

Masticatory mucosa- gingiva hyperkeratosis

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49
Q

This image is displaying:

A

Buccal lining mucosa- Acanthosis and Parakeratosis

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50
Q

This image is displaying:

A

Buccal lining mucosa- Hyperkeratosis + Parakeratosis

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51
Q

These images are showing:

A

Masticatory Mucosa-gingival dyskeratosis: squamous cell carcinoma

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52
Q

This image is showing:

A

Masticatory Mucosa- gingival dyskeratosis: squamous cell carcinoma

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53
Q

Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel’s cells, Lymphocytes, are all _____ in the oral epithelium

A

non-keratinocytes

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54
Q

Type of non keratinocyte located in the oral epithelium characterized by:

  • dendritic morphology (long processes)
  • located in the basal cell layer
  • Synthesis of melanin pigments granules (melanosomes)
A

Melanocyte

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55
Q

Melanocytes have _____ morphology

A

Dendritic

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56
Q

Melanocytes are located in the:

A

Basal cell layer

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57
Q

Melanocytes synthesize ____ pigment granules

A

Melanin

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58
Q

Melanin pigment granules:

A

Melanosomes

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59
Q

This image is showing what type of nonkeratinocyte?

A

Melanocytes

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60
Q

This image is showing what type of nonkeratinocyte?

A

Melanocytes

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61
Q

What type of cell is this image showing?

A

Melanocyte

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62
Q

Type of nonkeratinocyte located in the oral epithelium characterized by:

  • dendritic morphology
  • located in the stratum spinosum
  • function as an antigen trap in the epithelium and transfers antigen information to CD4 lymphocytes
A

Langerhans cell

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63
Q

Langerhans cells are located in the:

A

Stratum spinosum

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64
Q

Melanocytes are located in the:

A

Basal cell layer

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65
Q

What characteristic is typically found in langerhans cells?

A

Langerhans granules (tennis racquets)

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66
Q

Functions as an antigen trap in epithelium and transfers antigen information to CD4 lymphocytes:

A

Langerhans Cell

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67
Q

What is this image displaying?

A

Langerhan’s Cells

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68
Q

What is this image displaying?

A

Langerhan’s Cell

69
Q

What is this image displaying?

A

Langerhan’s granule (Langerhan’s cell)

70
Q

What nonkeratinocyte located in the oral epithelium is characterized by:

  • rounded morphology
  • located in the basal layer
  • contains characteristic “dense core” granules
  • possibly has tactile sensory functions
A

Merkel’s Cell

71
Q

Merkel’s Cells display a ____ morphology

A

Rounded

72
Q

Merkel’s cells are located in the:

A

Basal cell layer

73
Q

Merkel’s Cells contain characteristic:

A

Dense core granules

74
Q

What is a possible function of Merkel’s Cells?

A

Tactile sensory functions

75
Q

This image is displaying:

A

Merkel’s Cells

76
Q

This image is displaying:

A

Merkel’s Cell

77
Q

Describe the morphology of the lymphocyte in the oral epithelium

A

rounded morphology

78
Q

Where are the lymphocytes located within the oral epithelium?

A

found in basal and spinous cell layers

79
Q

What are lymphocytes within the oral epithelium associated with? (3)

A
  1. immune survelince
  2. antigen message processing
  3. inflammation (both cellular response and humeral)
80
Q

What two layers is the basement membrane comprised of?

A

basal lamina + lamina reticularis

81
Q

The basal lamina portion of the basement membrane can further be broken down into:

A

lamina lucida + lamina densa

82
Q

The lamina Lucida is part of the:

A

basal lamina

83
Q

What two main components is the lamina lucida comprised of?

A
  1. bulbous pemphigoid antigen
  2. type VII collagen
84
Q

What is the function of the type 7 collagen in the lamina lucida component of the basal lamia

A

anchoring fibrils

85
Q

The lamina dense is a component of the:

A

basal lamina

86
Q

What are the two key components of the lamina dense portion of the basal lamina?

A
  1. Type IV collagen
  2. Type 7 collagen
87
Q

What is the function of the type 7 collagen within the lamina densa portion of the basal lamina?

A

anchoring fibrils

88
Q

THe lamina reticularis is part of the:

A

basal lamina

89
Q

What four components make up the lamina reticularis portion of the basal lamina?

A
  1. reticulin
  2. type 1 collagen
  3. type 3 collagen
  4. elastin connective tissue
90
Q

What are the two connective tissue components of the lamina reticularis?

A

elastin and reticulin

91
Q

What are the three layers of the basal lamina?

A
  1. lamina lucida
  2. lamina densa
  3. lamina reticularis
92
Q

What are the intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm of the cell?

A

tonofilaments

93
Q

Tonofilaments are made of what types of keratin?

A

5 & 14

94
Q

The intermediate filaments (tonofilaments) of the cytoplasm of the cell include (4):

A
  1. actin
  2. myosin
  3. talin
  4. vinculin
95
Q

The hemidesmosome components of the cell include?

A

BPAG 1 and 2 & cadherins

96
Q

What connects the cytoplasm of the cell and all of its intermediate filaments to the lamina lucida?

A

hemidesmosomes

97
Q

Types of collagen found in each of the layers of the basal lamina:

Lucida:
Densa:
Reticularis:

A

Lucida= type 7
Densa= type 4 and 7
Reticularis= type 1 and 3

98
Q

What are the five specialized attachments present in oral mucous membranes?

A
  1. desmosomes
  2. hemidesmosomes
  3. intermediate junctions
  4. tight junctions
  5. gap junctions
99
Q

Desmosomes in the oral mucous membranes are also called:

A

macula adherens

100
Q

Intermediate. junctions of the oral mucous membranes are also called:

A

zonula adherens

101
Q

The tight junctions of the oral mucous membranes are also called:

A

zonula or macula adherens

102
Q

What are the gap junctions of the oral mucous membranes called?

A

communication junction

103
Q

What are the two main protein components of desmosomes?

A
  1. E-cadherin (desmogelin)
  2. P-cadherin (desmocolin)
104
Q

What occurs to the specialized cellular attachments in the oral mucous membranes in the presence of inflammation?

A

Loss of cellular attachments

105
Q

What do the basophils of the lamina propria develop into?

A

mast cells

106
Q

List the transient cell populations of the lamina propria:

A

neutrophils and lymphocytes

107
Q

secretes collagen and elastin within the lamina propria:

A

fibroblast

108
Q

blood borne precursor of functional macrophage within the lamina propria:

A

monocyte

109
Q

Phagocytic cell capable of antigen processing within the lamina propria:

A

macrophage

110
Q

Secretes inflammatory mediators, E.g., histamine and heparin within the lamina propria:

A

mast cell

111
Q

Synthesis of immunoglobulins (antibodies) within the lamina propria:

A

plasma cell

112
Q

Phagocytic cell capable of neutralizing antigens and killing bacteria within the lamina propria:

A

neutrophil

113
Q

Functions in humoral and cell mediated immune response and located within the lamina propria:

A

lymphocyte

114
Q

Functions to line the blood and lymphatic vessels within the lamina propria:

A

endothelial cell

115
Q

what are th two inflammatory mediators that may be secreted by mast cells:

A

histamine and heparin

116
Q

papilla that are hair-like, most numerous, highly keratinized, and found over the dorsal surface of the tongue;

A

filiform papilla

117
Q

Fungus-like papilla, small and round, red surface projections, may contain tastebuds, commonly found on the tip of the tongue:

A

fungiform papilla

118
Q

Where are filiform papilla commonly found?

A

over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue

119
Q

Where are fungiform papilla commonly found?

A

commonly found at the tip of the tongue

120
Q

Leaf-like papilla, may contain tastebuds, contain lymphoid nodules with germinal centers, forms parts of waldeyers ring, located on the posterior lateral margins of the tongue:

A

foliate papillae

121
Q

Foliate papilla contains:

A

lymphoid nodules with germinal centers

122
Q

Foliate papilla forms part of:

A

waldeyers ring

123
Q

Where are foliate papillae commonly found?

A

posterior lateral margins of the tongue

124
Q

Walled papilla, generally 6-8 in number, light keratinized, located just anterior to the sulcus terminals on the posterior dorsal tongue surface:

A

circumvallate papilla

125
Q

How many circumvallate papilla are typically found?

A

6-8

126
Q

Are circumvallate papilla keratinized?

A

lightly

127
Q

Location of circumvallate papilla:

A

anterior to sulcus terminalis on posterior dorsal tongue surface

128
Q

The papilla sulcus is cleared of taste stimuli by:

A

serous salivary glands of von ebner

129
Q

The different papillae respond to all types of taste stimuli but display bias in:

A

their sensitivity

130
Q

_____ tend to be more sensitive to bitter compounds:

A

circumvallate papillae

131
Q

_____ respond best to salt and sweet stimuli:

A

fungiform papillae

132
Q

_____ shows a bias for sweets:

A

foliate papillae

133
Q

Tastes cells are specialized _______

A

epithelial cells

134
Q

Give an example of a taste cell:

A

neuroepithelial cells

135
Q

Nerve supply for taste:

  1. anterior 2/3 of tongue:
  2. posterior 1/3 of tongue:
  3. soft palate:
  4. walls of pharynx and epiglottis:
A
  1. facial nerve (CN7) via chorda tympani branch
  2. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)
  3. facial nerve (CN7) via greater petrosal branch
  4. vagus nerve (CN10)
136
Q

Taste fibers from all 3 nerves (facial, glosspahryngeal, and vagus), all converge in the:

A

tractus solitarius in the brain stem

137
Q

Unknown etiology, but T-lymphocyte infiltrates with Langerhans cell hyperplasia are characteristic of:

A

lichen planus

138
Q

Cell mediated immune injury to basal cells is a consequence of:

A

lichen planus

139
Q

Thickening of the stratum corneum, often with aberrant keratinization:

A

hyperkeratosis

140
Q

A white plaque of oral mucous membranes that cannot be removed by scraping and cannot be classified histologically as another disease entity:

A

leukoplakia

141
Q

Until proven otherwise, leukoplakia should be considered:

A

precancerous

142
Q

Oral cancer that accounts for about 3% of all cancers:

A

squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA)

143
Q

The highest incidence of SCCA is in:

A

middle aged African American males

144
Q

The overall male-to-female gender ratio of occurrence of SCCA is:

A

3:1

145
Q

The most common site for SCCA is the :

A

posterior lateral border of the tongue

146
Q

What are two common sites for SCCA not including the posterior lateral border of the the tongue:

A
  1. ventral tongue surface
  2. floor of mouth
147
Q

tobacco, alcohol, phenol exposure, ontogenic viruses (HPV), Immunosupression (AIDS), oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes all have a strong relationship with:

A

SCCA

148
Q

In SCCA, the lesion arises from ___ and features alterations in size, shape, and organization of the cellular components including nuclear polymorphism:

A

dysplastic surface epithelium

149
Q

SCCA lesions exhibit _____ and cords of malignant squamous epithelial cells:

A

invasive islands

150
Q

In SCCA, there is often a strong ____ or ____ response to the invading epithelium and focal areas of ___ may be present

A

inflammatory or immune cell response; necrosis

151
Q

In SCCA, abnormal production of ____ in the form of _____ is a frequent finding

A

keratin; keratin pearls

152
Q

Round focus of concentrically layered keratinized cells:

A

keratin pearls

153
Q

Other names for mucosal pemphigoid include: (3)

A
  1. benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
  2. BMMP
  3. cicatricial pemphigoid
154
Q

Mucosal pemphigoid is classified as a ____ disease:

A

autoimmune

155
Q

What is the antigen found in mucosal pemphigoid and where is it found?

A

adhesion protein epiligrin found in the lamina lucida

156
Q

Characterized by linear accumulations of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane

A

mucosal pemphigoid

157
Q

Mucosal pemphigoid is characterized by linear accumulations of ___ and ____ along the _____

A

IgG & C3; basement membrane

158
Q

Mucosal pemphigoid tends to affect:

A

older adults 50-60 years

159
Q

What is the ratio of affected females to males of mucosal pemphigoid:

A

females to males 2:1

160
Q

BMMP involvement in the ____ of the eye results in scaring (symblepharon)

A

conjunctiva

161
Q

A syndrome involving abnormal or lack of development of ectodermal structures such as hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, or teeth:

A

ectodermal dysplasia

162
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma is considered to be _____ rather than _____ in nature

A

reactive; neoplastic

163
Q

In peripheral ossifying fibroma, the lesion is thought to represent the maturation o:

A

pyogenic granuloma

164
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma occurs exclusively on the:

A

gingiva

165
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma is predominantly a lesion of ____ & _____ with peak prevalence between the ages of:

A

teenagers and young adults; 10-19 years

166
Q

60-65% of cases of Peripheral ossifying fibroma occur in:

A

females

167
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma histologically reveals a gingival mass with islands of _____ derived from ____.

A

calcified material; periosteum

168
Q

What is the recommended treatment of Peripheral ossifying fibroma:

A

surgical excision

169
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma lesions are likely to recur if:

A

excision is not extensive and complete

Histopathology (15 decks)

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