TCC Stage 1 Oral - Flight Flashcards
When is an instrument rating required?
When ops are conducted:
a) under IFR rules (IFR flight plan)
b) wx conditions less than the min for VFR flight
c) In class A airspace,
d) Under special VFR within Class B, C, D, and class E surface areas between sunset and sunrise.
what are the recency of experience requirements to be PIC of a flight under IFR
a) BFR
b) to carry passengers, 3 T.O.’s and landings w/in the preceding 90 days (full stop at night)
c) w.in the preceding 6 mts logged under actual or sim inst. conditions, either in flight in the appropriate catagory of a/c or in a flight sim or flight training device—-
at least 6 inst. approaces holding procedures and intercepting and tracking courses through the use of nav equipment.
If a pilot allows thier currency to expire what can be done to become current again?
Pilot is current for 6 mths after the check ride or profeciency check, then if allowed the 6 mths to expire w/out doing the 6 approaches holding proc, etc. pilot is not able to file IFR and give another 6 mths “grace period” to accomplish the approaches etc. If that grace period is allowed to expire then the pilot may become current again by completing a instrument proficiency check.
what information must a pilot in command be familiar with before a flight?
WKRAFT
All available information including:
a) Weather reports and forecasts
b) Known ATC delays
c) Runway lengths of intended use
d) Alternatives if the flight cannot be completed as planned
e) Fuel requirements
f) Takeoff and landing distances
What is the primary means of obtaining a weather briefing?
The primary source is an individual briefing obtained from a briefer at the AFSS/FSS. These briefings, which are tailored to your specific flight, are available 24 hours a day through the use of the toll-free number (1-800-WX BRIEF).
- 5: Flight emergencies
- 0: Enroute Flight Advisory Service (EFAS)
- 2: Routine communications with a FSS
What is “EFAS”?
En route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) is a service specifically designed to provide en route aircraft with timely and meaningful weather advisories pertinent to the type of flight intended, route of flight, and altitude. In conjunction with this service, EFAS is also a central collection and distribution point for pilot reported weather information (PIREPs). EFAS provides for communications capabilities for aircraft flying at 5,000 feet above ground; level to 17,5000 feet MSL on a common frequency of 122.0 MHz. It is also known as “Flight Watch.”
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What is HIWAS?
Hazardous In-flight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) is a continuous broadcast of in-flight weather advisories including summarized Aviation Weather Warnings, SIGMETs, Convective SIGMETs, Center Weather Advisories, AIRMETs, and urgent PIREPs. HIWAS is an additional source of hazardous weather information which makes this data available on a continuous basis.
What is a METAR?
METAR, or Aviation Routine Weather Report : An hourly surface observation of conditions observed at an airport.
Describe the basic elements of a METAR.
Example : METAR KLAX 140651Z AUTO 00000KT ISM R35L/4500V6000FT – RA BR BKN030 10/10 A2990 RMK AO2
Type of reports – the METAR, and the SPECI (aviation special weather report).
ICAO Station identifier – 4-letter station identifiers; in the conterminous U.S., the 3-letter identifier is prefixed with K.
Date and time of report – a 6-digit date/time group appended with Z (UTC). First two digits are the date, then two for the hour, and the two for minutes.
Modifier (as required) – if used, the modifier AUTO identifies the report as an automated weather report with no human intervention. If AUTO is shown in the body of the report, AO1 or AO2 will be encoded in the remarks section to indicate the type of precipitation sensor used at the station.
Wind – 5-digit group (6 digits if speed is over 99 knots); first three digits = wind direction, in tens of degrees referenced to true north. Directions less than 100 degrees are preceded with a zero; next two digits are the average speed in knots, measured or estimated (or, if over 99 knots, the next three digits).
Visibility : prevailing visibility – statue miles, space, fractions of statue miles ( as needed), and the letters SM.
Runway visual range (RVR), as required.
Weather phenomena – broken into two categories: qualifiers, and weather phenomena.
Sky condition – amount/height/type (as required) or indefinite ceiling/height (vertical visibility).
Temperature/dew point group – 2-digit format in whole degrees Celsius, separated by a solidus(/). Temperature below zero are prefixed with M.
Altimeter – 4-digit format representing tens, units, tenths, and hundredths of inches of mercury prefixed with A. The decimal point is not reported or stated.
Remarks (RMK), as required – operational significant weather phenomena, location of phenomena, beginning and ending times, direction of movement.
What are PIREPs (UA), and where are they usually found?
ese reports contain information concerning weather as observed by pilots en route. Required elements for all PIREPs are message type, location, time (in UTC), flight level (altitudes are MSL), type of aircraft, and at least one weather element encountered (visibility in SM, distances in NM). A PIREP (abbreviation for “Pilot Reports”) is usually transmitted as an individual report but can be appended to a surface aviation weather report or placed into collectives. Also referred to in code reported as “UA”.
What will the freezing level be if the field elevation is 1,000 feet and the temperature at the surface is 15 ° C?
The freezing level (0 ° C) can be estimated by subtracting 2 ° C per 1,000 feet (average lapse rate) from 15 ° C and then adding the result to the field elevation. For this example the freezing level will be at 8,5000 MSL.
What is the difference between a Airmet, Sigmet, and Convective Sigmet? How long is each one valid for?
Airmets (AIRman’s METeorological Information) -
a) advises of weather that maybe hazardous, other than convective activity, to single engine, other light aircraft, and Visual Flight Rule (VFR) pilots.
b) affect an area of at least 3000 square miles
c) routinely issued for 6 hour periods. Valid for no more than 6 hours
Sigmets (SIGnificant METeorological Information)
a) Severe Icing (not associated with thunderstorms), Severe Turbulence (not associated with thunderstorms), Duststorms and sandstorms lowering visibility to less than three miles
b) affect an area of at least 3000 square miles
c) has a maximum forecast period valid of 4 hours (6 hours for hurricanes).
Convective Sigmets - severe convective activity, which implies severe turbulence, severe icing, and low-level wind shear. Specifically
a) Embedded thunderstorms
b) A line of thunderstorms
c) Thunderstorms with heavy precipitation affecting 40%+ of an area at least 3,000 square miles
d)Surface winds 50+ knots due to severe thunderstorm
e)Hail 3/4+ inches in diameter
Tornadoes
f) Issued every hour (at H+55), Valid for 2 hours.
What is atis?
Automatic terminal information service
Describe for the C172R?
1) engine
2) Propeller
3) Fuel System
4) Oil Capacity
5) Landing gear system
6) Electrical System
The airplane is powered by a horizontally opposed, four cylinder, overhead valve, air cooled, fuel injected engine with a wet sump lubrication system. The engine is a Lycoming Model IO-360-L2A
and is rated at 160 horsepower at 2400 RPM.
Approved Fuel Grades (and Colors): 100LL Grade Aviation Fuel (Blue). 100 Grade Aviation Fuel (Green). Fuel Capacity: Total Capacity: 56.0 U.S. gallons. Total Usable: 53.0 U.S. gallons. Total Capacity Each Tank: 28.0 U.S. gallons. Total Usable Each Tank: 26.5 U.S. gallons.
Number of Blades: 2.
Propeller Diameter: 75 inches.
Propeller Type: Fixed pitch.
Oil Capacity:
Sump: 8 U.S. Quarts
Total: 9 U.S. Quarts
The landing gear is of the tricycle type, with a steerable nose wheel and two main wheels. Shock absorption is provided by the tubular spring steel main landing gear struts and the air/oil nose
gear shock strut. Each main gear wheel is equipped with a hydraulically actuated disc type brake on the inboard side of each wheel.
The airplane is equipped with a 28-volt, direct current electrical system (Refer to Figure 7-7). The system is powered by a belt driven, 60-amp alternator and a 24-volt battery, located on the left
forward side of the firewall. Power is supplied to most general electrical circuits through a split primary bus bar, with an essential bus wired between the two primaries to provide power for the
master switch, annunciator circuits and interior lighting.
What angular deviation from a VOR course is represented by half-scale deflection of the CDI?
Full scale deflection - 10 degrees
Half scale deflection - 5 degrees
Each mark - 2 degrees
