Enroute and Area Charts

Question 1

What does the brown color represent?

Answer 1

Low and medium frequency aids, Military Training Routes, Boaders to military training operating areas, and airports without a published instrument approach.

It is also used to depict Class G airspace which extends from the surface to 14,500 ft.

All airspace in the U.S above 14,500 is Controlled Airspace.

Question 2

What does the white color represent?

Answer 2

Class E Airspace.

Question 3

What is the blue color for?

Answer 3

Airspace identification Zones.

Prohibited Airspace

Restricted Airspace

Alert Areas Warning Areas

Class C airspace

Class B airspace

ATC Bounderies

Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC)

Question 4

Airports in Blue means what?

Answer 4

They have an approved Instrument Approach Procedure published

Question 5

Airport procedures that are published only in the united states government flight information publication means what?

Answer 5

They are depicted in green in the enroute chats

Question 6

What is is the green color used for?

Answer 6

Shore lines

times zones

Isogonic lines

Airport procedures that are published only in the united states government flight information

Question 7

What is black print used for?

Answer 7

VHF & UHF route data such as VOR nav-aids

communication boxes

Airways

Question 8

What would a number next to the three letter indentifier mean?

Answer 8

Channel number for the DME used for military aircrafts only

Question 9

What does 122.4 & 122.1R mean?

What if it said 122.1T?

Answer 9

Flight Service Station (FSS) communication frequencies. The letter R means the facility only receives on 122.1. 122.1T would mean that frequency would only be used for transmissions.

Question 10

What does St Louis mean?

Answer 10

The Flight Service Station has a remote antenna at the site and ST Lous is the controlling facility

Question 11

What does shadow boxes mean?

What does the solid black square mean?

Answer 11

Standard FSS frequencies are available in addition to those listed above the box.

FSS Standard Frequencies include 121.5, & 122.2.

The solid black square means Hazardous Inflight Weather Information is available from HIWAS

Question 12

What does the ‘T’ mean?

Answer 12

The facility has Transcribed Weather Broadcasts (TWEB) - continuous recordings of meteorological and aeronautical information, based on specific routes of flight, and broadcast on certain NDB and VOR frequencies.

Question 13

What does the underline mean?

Answer 13

The nav-aid has no voice capability

Question 14

What does the shaded over print mean?

Answer 14

The is some sort of abnormal status and you need to check the NOTAMs

Question 15

VHF navigation routes are defined by what?

Answer 15

VOR’s designated as Victor Airways

Question 16

VIctor Airways are normally how many miles wide?

Answer 16

8 NM wide up to 51 NM away from the nav-aid. Then it will diverge outward at an angle of 4.5 degrees.

Question 17

What does the boxed 41 mean?

What about the unboxed 27 & 14?

Answer 17

Total milage between the radio facilities.

27 & 14 indicate the distance between the reporting points, radio aids, and/or mileage breaks.

In this ex, total distance between Farmington and dede intersection is 27NM, then dedee to Cape is another 14NM. 27 + 14 = 41NM total.

Question 18

What does the small ‘x’ mean

Answer 18

A Mileage breakdown normally for a course change when a reporting point has not been established.

Question 19

What does the 71/53 mean?

Answer 19

The point where you change frequency between ‘Blue Mesa’ and ‘Pueblo’

Question 20

What do the arrows at YUMMY intersection mean

Answer 20

The frequency used to define the fix. In this example, YUMMY is defined by the 248 radial from Glade Spring VOR, and the 295 radial from Holeston Mountain Vortac.

Question 21

What does the open arrow mean?

Answer 21

DME can be used to define the fix. In this example, CALIF intersection is 19NM

Question 22

What does solid triangles mean?

Answer 22

compulsory reporting point

The pilot of an IFR or controlled VFR flight is required to make position reports over any compulsory reporting points specified on IFR charts, and also over any other reporting point specified by ATC.

The position report shall include the following:

• the identification of the aircraft;
• the identification of the position;
• the time over the reporting point in UTC;
• the altitude or flight level;
• the type of flight plan or flight itinerary filed;
• the name of the next reporting point and the ETA over that point in UTC;
• the name only of the next succeeding reporting point along the route of flight; and
• any additional information requested by ATC or deemed necessary by the pilot.

Question 23

What does the open triangle mean?

Answer 23

non compulsory reporting point

Not Mandatory

required to make a position report only when requested by ATC.

Question 24

What kind of airspace is this? How can you tell?

Answer 24

Bravo Airspace because it’s blue with a solid line blue border.

Question 25

What is the stripe area surronding Bravo Airspace?

Answer 25

The 30NM Mode C vail

Question 26

What airspace is this? How can you tell?

Answer 26

Class C airspace because it has a dashed blue border. Also because there is a letter 'C' in the box. The dashed blue represent the upper portion of the airspace.

Question 27

What airspace is this? How can you tell?

Answer 27

Class D because of the letter 'D' in the box.

Question 28

What does the star mean?

Answer 28

The airspace is part-time. Information about the hours of operation can be found in the Voice Communication Table in a chart panel near the Legend.

Question 29

What does 828 L 65 mean? What about (A) 125.2?

Answer 29

828 - airport elevation L - Night Lighting is available 65 - Longest runway is 6,500 ft (A) 125.2 - ATIS available on 125.2

Question 30

What symbol is this?

Answer 30

A **non-directional (radio) beacon (NDB)** is a radio transmitter at a known location, used as an aviation or marine navigational aid. As the name implies, the signal transmitted does not include inherent directional information, in contrast to other navigational aids such as low frequency radio range, VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) and TACAN. NDB signals follow the curvature of the Earth, so they can be received at much greater distances at lower altitudes, a major advantage over VOR. However, NDB signals are also affected more by atmospheric conditions, mountainous terrain, coastal refraction and electrical storms, particularly at long range.

Question 31

What symbol is this?

Answer 31

Localizer course

Question 32

What is MEA?

Answer 32

Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA) The lowest altitude between radio fixes that meets obstacle clearance requirements and still assures adequate _radio_ reception. EX: 4,700 ft is the MEA for V140 Flying west from STANO intersection, MEA is 12,000 ft. Flying east the MEA is 9,000 ft.

Question 33

What is MOCA? When is it listed?

Answer 33

**Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude**, or MOCA, is the lowest published altitude in effect between fixes on VOR airways or route segments that meets obstacle (like a building or a tower) clearance requirements for the entire route segment. Within the United States, this altitude also assures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 22 nm of a VOR. It is listed when it is lower than the MEA

Question 34

What does this T bar break mean??

Answer 34

It indicates that a change will occur in the MEA or MOCA If it is not a intersection from a nav-aid, a milage break symbol 'x' is used.

Question 35

What does this flag with the R mean?

Answer 35

**minimum reception altitude (MRA)** is the lowest altitude on an airway segment where an aircraft can be assured of receiving signals from _navigation aids_ like VOR or NDB. Typically, the greater the distance between navigation aids, the higher the MRA. MRA is becoming less important with the availability of GPS satellite navigation, which allows aircraft to get navigational guidance all the way down to the ground. EX: You must be at 13,000 ft to identify WINDO intersection

Question 36

What does the flag with the 'x' mean? What is PARDOX V244 13000 W?

Answer 36

**minimum crossing altitude,** or **MCA**, is the lowest altitude at which a navigational fix can be crossed when entering or continuing along an airway that will allow an aircraft to clear all obstacles while carrying out a normal climb to the required minimum en route IFR altitude (MEA) of the airway in question beyond the fix. ## Footnote EX; You must cross PARDOX intersection on V244 - victor airway, @ 13300 - 13,000 ft crossing altitude on a W - West heading

Question 37

What is MAA?

Answer 37

The **maximum authorized altitude (MAA)** is the highest altitude at which the airway can be flown without receiving conflicting navigation signals from NAVAIDs operating on the same frequency. Chart depictions appear as “MAA-15000.”

Question 38

What are the special use airspace?

Answer 38

WARM PC ## Footnote Warning Alert Restricted M.O.A Prohibited Controlled firing

Question 39

What kind of airspace is this?

Answer 39

Military Operation Area