TBI and crime

Question 1

What does epidemiology mean?

Answer 1

study and analysis of the distribution and determinants of health and disease conditions

Question 2

What percentage of inmates are between 15-24 years old?

Answer 2

About a quater

Question 3

How many juveniles are in England and Wales?

Answer 3

866

Question 4

What is the age of criminal responsibility?

Answer 4

10

Question 5

What is the reoffencing rate for adult offenders?

Answer 5

25%

Question 6

What is the reoffending rate for young offenders?

Answer 6

45% first year, 75% second

Question 7

What is a prolific offender?

Answer 7

Convicted many times

Question 8

What is the reoffending rate for prolific offenders?

Answer 8

80%

Question 9

What percentage of crime is done by prolific offendes?

Answer 9

77%

Question 10

How much does reoffending cost the UK?

Answer 10

Between nine and 13 billion pounds a year

Question 11

How much is one night in a young offenders institute?

Answer 11

£642

Question 12

How many criminal offences were done in the US in 2007 and how much did it cost?

Answer 12

23million offenses.

$15b loss to victims

$179b in government

Question 13

What are the costs of criminal offences?

Answer 13

Victim cost,
Criminal justice system costs,
Crime career costs,
Intangible costs

Question 14

What thinking problems are there in offenders?

Answer 14

Unable to see other peoples views (ToM), poor problem solving, impulsive

Question 15

What does the frontal lobe control?

Answer 15

High-order supervisory functions, purpose driven behaviours, problem solving, impulse control

Question 16

Why do teenagers have a heightened need for basic reward?

Answer 16

meso-limbic reward sensitivity

Question 17

Which area of the brain is not fully developed as a teenager?

Answer 17

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 18

What is the biggest cause of death and disability worldwide?

Answer 18

TBI

Question 19

By 2020, how many people are affected by PA worldwide?

Answer 19

10 million (WHO)

Question 20

What percentage of adults with TBI have a LOC?

Answer 20

12% (Frost et al, 2013)

Question 21

What are key risk factors for TBI

Answer 21

Age, gender, urban location and social deprivation

Question 22

What percentage of our population have a mild head injury?

Answer 22

8%

Question 23

What percentage of our population have a serious head injury?

Answer 23

2%

Question 24

What is a contusion?

Answer 24

a bruise. symptom of TBI

Question 25

What is a laceration?

Answer 25

deep cut or tear in skin. symptom of TBI

Question 26

How more likely are you to get a brain injury if from a deprived part of society?

Answer 26

4.7x

Question 27

What are the faces of traumatic brain injury?

Answer 27

Sheared brain, bruised brain, epidural haematoma (brain under pressure), disconnected brain

Question 28

Children having a TBI before age 12 were ore likely to…

Answer 28

committed crimes significantly earlier

Question 29

Percentage of people with TBI commited violent crime compared to normal population?

Answer 29

8.8% to 2.5%

Question 30

What percentage of brain injury siblings became mild offenders?

Answer 30

4.5%

Question 31

Average age of first imprisonment for TBI person

Answer 31

16 years

Question 32

Average age of first imprisonment for non-TBI person

Answer 32

21 years

Question 33

What percentage of young male offenders in Williams and Cordans study had a ‘head injury’

Answer 33

65%

Question 34

Percentage of offenders in Cordan and Williams study who had a moderate to sever injury?

Answer 34

16.6%

Question 35

In Chitsabesan’s stuyd, what percentage of adolesent males had a tbi?

Answer 35

82% and 44% had ongoing symptoms

Question 36

How much does one young offender cost the criminal justice system a year?

Answer 36

£8000

Question 37

How much do prolific offenders cost a year?

Answer 37

£1.3to2.3million