Alcohol and other drugs Flashcards
What are the class A drugs?
Heroin, cocaine, methadone, 4-MTA, LSD, ecstasy
What are the class B drugs?
Barbiturates, amphetamine, cannabis, methylphenidate
What are the class C drugs?
Ketamine, benzodiazepines, anabolic steroids, GHB
Which systems are involved in the reward pathway in the brain?
VTA, nucleus accumbent, frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus
What did James Olds 1959 rat study find?
Rats had electrodes inserted in mesolimbic area for the rat to pedal and stimulate its own brain. It then neglected eating habits and died
What did Hart says the rat did if there were other rats?
It was happier and healthier with other rats than drugs
When is dopamine triggered?
When we do pleasurable activities such as eating and sex.
What does the ventral segmental area do with dopamine?
It pushes dopamine out. It is the origin of the dopaminergic cell bodies important for cognition, motivation and orgasm.
What did Hart find in his drug money experiment?
When offered low levels of a drug, participants chose to have money instead. When offered a good dosage or £20, they always chose £20 instead of an immediate reward.
How does THC in cannabis disrupt memory and learning?
The THC binds to a receptor on the surface of the nerve cell and so blocks the flow of a current
What happens for late maturation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
Damage to intelligence, attention span and memory
What percentage of people drink alcohol routinely?
90%
according to Rehm, what percentage of people are dependent on alcohol?
- 5% of men
2. 1% of women
What is the lifetime prevalence of alcohol?
20% of men
5% of women
How do you know if you’re dependent on alcohol?
Need it to function, withdrawal symptoms
