Behaviour and Evolution

Question 1

What are Tinbergen’s four questions?

Answer 1

Causation, ontogeny, adaptation, phylogeny

Question 2

Which two of TInbergen’s four questions are proximate (initial happenings)?

Answer 2

Causation and ontogeny

Question 3

Which two of Tinbergen’s four questions are ultimate (end result)?

Answer 3

Adaptation and phylogeny

Question 4

Another word for causation

Answer 4

control

Question 5

another word for ontogeny

Answer 5

development

Question 6

another word for adaptation

Answer 6

function

Question 7

another word for phylogeny

Answer 7

evolution

Question 8

What is an ethogram?

Answer 8

Origin

Question 9

What is the nervous system made up of?

Answer 9

CNS, PNS, ANS

Question 10

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 10

Collection of glands that produce hormones into the blood stream of vertebrates

Question 11

What is the neuroendocrine response?

Answer 11

the sets of neurons, glands and non-endocrine tissues, and the neurochemicals,hormones, and humoral signals they produce and receive, that function in an integrated manner to collectively regulate a physiological or behavioral state

Question 12

What did Claude Bernard call homeostasis?

Answer 12

Milieu intérieur

Question 13

What is an external biotic factor?

Answer 13

A living organism

Question 14

What is an example of a biotic factor?

Answer 14

Sex ratio, population density

Question 15

What is an external abiotic factor?

Answer 15

Not derived from living organisms

Question 16

What is an example of an abiotic factor?

Answer 16

Light, temperature, tide, landmarks

Question 17

Animal example about population density

Answer 17

Desert locus, are green but then bump into each other when trying to eat and then turn brown

Question 18

Sex-ratio determined behaviour fish example

Answer 18

Clown fish are all born male and the biggest turns female

Question 19

Lorenz found that geese had an instinct to do what?

Answer 19

Imprint

Question 20

Example of a fixed-action pattern

Answer 20

Geese roll their neck to collect an egg if it rolls from the nest. however, they cannot stop this action midway through and must finish it

Question 21

What is a sign stimulus?

Answer 21

A part of a stimulus configuration that is external to the animal and relevant to a particular response. These essential cues needed to allow a fixed-action pattern to be performed.

Question 22

What is a supernormal stimulus?

Answer 22

Elicits an exaggerated response. This can be territorial (e.g. red breast on robin)

Question 23

Behavioural development by chance- temperature example

Answer 23

Crocodiles have a higher proportion of male offspring in a hotter temperature.

Sea turtles have a higher proportion of female offspring in a hotter temperature

Question 24

What is habituation?

Answer 24

An aspect of learning in which repeated applications of a stimulus result in decreased responsiveness

Question 25

What is discriminative learning?

Answer 25

Animals or people respond differently to different stimuli

Question 26

What is associative learning?

Answer 26

Learning through links